依託孕烯
外觀
Etonogestrel birth control implant | |
---|---|
背景 | |
生育控制種類 | Hormonal Progestin-only implant |
初次使用日期 | 1998 印度尼西亞 |
Failure比率 (第一年) | |
完美使用 | 0.05% |
一般使用 | 0.05% |
用法 | |
持續期間 | 3 to 5 years[1][2] |
可逆性 | Yes |
注意事項 | Requires removal after the 3–5 years[3] |
優點及缺點 | |
是否可以防止性傳播疾病 | No |
是否影響體重 | May cause weight gain |
月經 | May cause irregular or prolonged bleeding |
月經 | Minimizes pain. In 33% no periods. |
好處 | Long-term contraception. |
依託孕烯植入式避孕器,是一種內含避孕藥依託孕烯的根棒狀裝置[4]。它是最有效的避孕方式之一,一年失敗率約為 0.05%[5]。療效至少可持續三到四年,一些數據顯示長達五年[3] [6] [7]。此裝置植入於皮下。 移除後生育能力很快就能恢復[4]。
常見副作用為月經變化,包括不規律出血,有約三分之一的女性出現停經[4] [8] [9]。肝病患者不建議服用[9]。依託孕烯植入劑是一種長效可逆避孕藥[5]。作用原理是抑制排卵、使宮頸口周圍的粘液變稠,並改變子宮內膜的情況[10]。
依託孕烯植入劑分別於1998年及2006年,在印尼及美國取得醫療使用可[8] [11]。名列世界衛生組織基本藥物清單[12]。它有學名藥流通於市[13]。依託孕烯植入劑已在 90 多個國家取得使用許可,至2010年止,全球約有300萬女性使用它[10] [11]。
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ Hamilton, Richard J. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2016 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. 2016: 392 [2018-06-02]. ISBN 9781284095289. (原始內容存檔於2018-08-19).
- ^ Melville, Catriona. Sexual and Reproductive Health at a Glance. John Wiley & Sons. 2015: 21 [2018-06-03]. ISBN 9781118460757. (原始內容存檔於2018-08-19).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Lotke, Pamela S. Contraception, An Issue of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2016: 634 [2019-08-12]. ISBN 9780323402590. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-28) (英語).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 World Health Organization. The selection and use of essential medicines. Twentieth report of the WHO Expert Committee 2015 (including 19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and 5th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2015: 332–36. ISBN 9789241209946. ISSN 0512-3054. WHO technical report series;994.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Wipf, Joyce. Women's Health, An Issue of Medical Clinics of North America. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2015: 507–509. ISBN 9780323376082. (原始內容存檔於2017-09-24).
- ^ Hatcher, Robert Anthony. Contraceptive technology. Hatcher, Robert A. (Robert Anthony), 1937- 21st. New York, NY. September 2018: Chapter 4, specifically pages 129–134. ISBN 978-1732055605. OCLC 1048947218.
- ^ Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: Implants and Intrauterine Devices - ACOG. www.acog.org. [20 August 2019]. (原始內容存檔於28 August 2021).
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Shoupe, Donna; Mishell, Daniel R. The Handbook of Contraception: A Guide for Practical Management 2. Humana Press. 2015: 140. ISBN 9783319201856. (原始內容存檔於2017-09-24).
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Implanon - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses. www.drugs.com. [1 January 2017]. (原始內容存檔於1 January 2017).
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Pattman, Richard; Sankar, Nathan; Handy, Pauline; Price, David Ashley. Oxford Handbook of Genitourinary Medicine, HIV, and Sexual Health. OUP Oxford. 2010: 368. ISBN 9780199571666. (原始內容存檔於2017-09-24).
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Senanayake, Pramilla; Potts, Malcolm. Atlas of Contraception, Second Edition 2. CRC Press. 2008: 53. ISBN 9780203347324. (原始內容存檔於2017-09-24).
- ^ World Health Organization. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ British national formulary : BNF 76 76. Pharmaceutical Press. 2018: 791. ISBN 9780857113382.