草稿:俄羅斯機動車輛車號牌
俄羅斯車輛牌照是俄羅斯用於顯示車輛登記標記的強制性車牌。法律要求大多數公共道路使用的機動車輛必須展示俄羅斯車牌。如果車牌被雪、泥土、紙張或任何東西遮擋導致數字和字母難以辨認，將被視為行政違法，並會被處以罰款。
歷史
[編輯]目前
[編輯].png)
The current format uses a letter followed by 3 digits and two more letters. To improve legibility of the numbers for Russian cars abroad, only a small subset of 西里爾字母 characters that 同形字 are used (12 letters: А, В, Е, К, М, Н, О, Р, С, Т, У, Х), additionally D was issued on some very early plates.[1] Finally, the region number (77, 97, 99, 177, 197, 199, 777, 797 and 799 for 莫斯科; 78, 98, 178, and 198 for 聖彼得堡, etc.) and the international code RUS with the Russian flag typically to the right of it, however the flag is not mandatory, and since 2013 owners may order plates without it. [2]
There is a different format for trailers (2 letters and 4 digits). Motorcycles, mopeds and scooters plates are made of square reflective plates and its format is 4 digits at the top and two letters at the bottom. These plates lack a national flag.
The standard size for the license plate is 520 mm by 112 mm.
Vehicles used by certain organisations or categories of persons carry special plates:
| Image | Description |
|---|---|
|
Police forces have special numbers on blue colored plates and the format is one letter and four digits. The letter signifies the branch of the police force, and its meaning may change from city to city; for example, in Moscow, A #### 99 rus stands for traffic police, У #### 99 rus for patrol cars, O #### 99 rus for police guard dog service etc. |
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Diplomatic cars have white characters on a red background. The first three digits on the plate are a code identifying the embassy to which they belong, assigned in order based on the date at which that country established diplomatic relations with Russia or the Soviet Union. For example, the 英國 is 001, the 美國 is 004, and 南蘇丹 is 168. Numbers 500 and above identify international organizations, such as 505 for 國際貨幣基金組織. On ambassadors' cars this code is followed by CD and a digit (004 CD 1 77 rus), while cars assigned to rank-and-file diplomats have this code followed by D and three digits (for example, 004 D 108 77 rus). The lacking diplomatic status administrative and technical staff of embassies, consulates or international organizations have license plate format (004 T 001 77 rus). |
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The military license plates have white characters on a black background and the format is NNNN LL for vehicles and LL NNNN for trailers. In this case the two digits on the right are not a regional code but a code for the military district, armed forces branch or service, or federal executive body where military service is required by law. For example, NNNN LL 14 rus is a vehicle belonging to the 俄羅斯鐵道軍, NNNN LL 18 rus denotes the 俄羅斯聯邦緊急情況部, NNNN LL 23 rus is for the 俄羅斯戰略火箭軍, NNNN LL 21 rus for the 南部軍區 etc. Unlike all other categories, the military number plates are not light reflective.[3] |
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Public transport vehicles (such as buses, licensed taxis and licensed 蘇式小巴) have black characters on a yellow background and the format is LL NNN. Since such vehicles are relatively few, the region code does not change often; in Moscow, for example, yellow "public transport" plates are still issued with the code 77 in December 2009. (Note: This type is not to be confused with the now defunct similar-looking yellow license plates having the format LL NNN L, which were issued prior to 2002 to cars registered to foreign companies operating in Russia; the latter type has now been withdrawn.) |
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Trailer plates have colors very similar to normal passenger vehicles, but have format LL NNNN. Until July 2008, these plates had to be duplicated on the rear surface of the trailer, in a large print. |
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Temporary and transit licence plates. Made from glossy laminated paper with holographic sticker in the upper left corner. |
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Temporary and transit licence plates for exported vehicles with Т digit in left part of plate. |
 
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Motorcycle registration plates. From 2019 updated standard introduced reduced size plates 190 mm（7.5英寸）x145 mm（5.7英寸） (with Russian national flag on it). |
Special plates in the above categories never carry the Russian flag, except for trailers.
There are special series (usually numbers starting with A) reserved for government officials (for example, A 001 AA usually belongs to the 政區首長 of the region). The license plates for federal government officials originally had a larger flag instead of the regional code but this type has now been withdrawn as well.
Rich businessmen, prominent politicians and crime lords often use para-legally acquired special licence plates (government or police) to get preferential treatment from the transport police and as a status symbol. Often, this is used in conjunction with a flashing siren. The Society of Blue Buckets is a protest movement that opposes this trend.[4]
As of 2014, there are new codes for Russian plates in 烏克蘭臨時被佔領土; number 82 for the Republic of Crimea and 92 for Sevastopol. The Russian Federation annexed Crimea from Ukraine and now administers it as two federal subjects: the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol. Ukraine, backed by most of the international community, refuses to accept the annexation and continues to assert its right over the peninsula. Vehicles with such plates may have difficulty entering countries which recognize Crimea as Ukrainian territory and thus deem documents issued by the Russian Federation in Crimea to be invalid.[來源請求]
After the February 2022 escalation of the 俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭, Russia issued plates for its conquests in Ukraine's 頓涅茨克州, 赫爾松州, 盧甘斯克州, and 扎波羅熱州. It also began to issue plates numbered 188 in 庫皮揚斯克 for 哈爾科夫州,[5] but its forces were pushed out of the oblast's territory during the 2022年哈爾科夫反攻 in the fall of 2022.
Runout problem
[編輯]As per GOST provision, only 1,726,272 combinations may be issued within one administration unit (the digits 000 are not allowed). In certain regions, the number of vehicles exceeds that number. Additionally, previous combinations cannot be reused after a vehicle has been de-registered. This scheme creates an issue where the number of possible license plate combinations cannot meet the demand of the number of vehicle registrations.
A short-term solution saw the introduction of additional codes for regions that suffered from this problem. Thus, some regions have two or three codes issued to them, the city of 聖彼得堡 has four, 莫斯科州 has six, and the federal city of 莫斯科 has ten codes. But this does not fully solve the problem, as the authorities may eventually run out of three-numeral regional codes, and a fourth digit will not fit without changing the standardised layout of the plate.[來源請求] Since October 2013, when a vehicle is registered to a new owner, the registration plate could remain on the vehicle and a new registration number is not required, even if the vehicle is registered in another region.
The problem was resolved by re-registering plates that are no longer in use. Also, since 2013, the owner can keep the license plate for himself personally, or leave it on the car when selling it to another person.
Regional codes
[編輯]The license plate regional codes from 01 to 89 originally matched the numerical order of the 俄羅斯聯邦主體 as listed in the Article 65 of the 俄羅斯聯邦憲法 at the moment of the creation of the standard. In the following years some codes were reassigned or discontinued (for example code number 20 for the 車臣共和國: to prevent illegal registrations, and due to the destruction of the database in the 1990s, all the vehicles of Chechnya were reregistered). As the populous regions started running out of license plate combinations, new codes past code 89 were assigned to them as well. Additional triple-digit codes were created by prepending a "1", "2", "7", or "9" to the existing regional code (e.g. 54 and 154 for 新西伯利亞州, or 16, 116 and 716 in 韃靼斯坦共和國).[6] Those regions with an asterisk (*) beside them were involved in mergers with other regions, so are no longer issued, and have their codes listed with an asterisk with the region they are now a part of.
_(29449865957).jpg)
In June 2014, code 82 (formerly registered to the 科里亞克區) was put back into registration for the 克里米亞共和國, while 塞瓦斯托波爾 adopted the new code 92. The reason for the decision to use code 82 was because, between the beginning of this plate format and the merging of the district, Koryak AO only registered 1,548 civilian car license plates (starting at A001AA/82 and ending at B549AA/82) and far less of other types (some types, such as public transport plates, were never issued in the region).
| 碼 | 俄羅斯聯邦地區 |
|---|---|
| 01 | 阿迪格共和國 |
| 02, 102, 702 | 巴什科爾托斯坦共和國 |
| 03 | 布里亞特共和國 |
| 04 | 阿爾泰共和國 |
| 05 | 達吉斯坦共和國 |
| 06 | 印古什共和國 |
| 07 | 卡巴爾達-巴爾卡爾共和國 |
| 08 | 卡爾梅克共和國 |
| 09 | 卡拉恰伊-切爾克斯共和國 |
| 10 | 卡累利阿共和國 |
| 11 | 科米共和國 |
| 12 | 馬里埃爾共和國 |
| 13, 113 | 莫爾多瓦共和國 |
| 14 | 薩哈（雅庫特）共和國 |
| 15 | 北奧塞梯-阿蘭共和國 |
| 16, 116, 716 | 韃靼斯坦共和國 |
| 17 | 圖瓦共和國 |
| 18 | 烏德穆爾特共和國 |
| 19 | 哈卡斯共和國 |
| (20), 95 | 車臣共和國 |
| 21, 121 | 楚瓦什共和國 |
| 22, 122 | 阿爾泰邊疆區 |
| 23, 93, 123, 193 | 克拉斯諾達爾邊疆區 |
| 24, 84*, 88*, 124 | 克拉斯諾亞爾斯克邊疆區 |
| 25, 125 | 濱海邊疆區 |
| 26, 126 | 斯塔夫羅波爾邊疆區 |
| 27 | 哈巴羅夫斯克邊疆區 |
| 28 | 阿穆爾州 |
| 29 | 阿爾漢格爾斯克州 |
| 30 | 阿斯特拉罕州 |
| 31 | 別爾哥羅德州 |
| 32 | 布良斯克州 |
| 33 | 弗拉基米爾州 |
| 34, 134 | 伏爾加格勒州 |
| 35 | 沃洛格達州 |
| 36, 136 | 沃羅涅日州 |
| 37 | 伊萬諾沃州 |
| 38, 85*, 138 | 伊爾庫茨克州 |
| 39, 91 | 加里寧格勒州 |
| 40 | 卡盧加州 |
| 41, 82* | 堪察加邊疆區 |
| 42, 142 | 克麥羅沃州 |
| 43 | 基洛夫州 |
| 44 | 科斯特羅馬州 |
| 45 | 庫爾干州 |
| 46 | 庫爾斯克州 |
| 47, 147 | 列寧格勒州 |
| 48 | 利佩茨克州 |
| 49 | 馬加丹州 |
| 50, 90, 150, 190, 750, 790 | 莫斯科州 |
| 51 | 摩爾曼斯克州 |
| 52, 152, 252 | 下諾夫哥羅德州 |
| 53 | 諾夫哥羅德州 |
| 54, 154 | 新西伯利亞州 |
| 55, 155 | 鄂木斯克州 |
| 56, 156 | 奧倫堡州 |
| 57 | 奧廖爾州 |
| 58 | 奔薩州 |
| 59, 81*, 159 | 彼爾姆邊疆區 |
| 60 | 普斯科夫州 |
| 61, 161, 761 | 羅斯托夫州 |
| 62 | 梁贊州 |
| 63, 163, 763 | 薩馬拉州 |
| 64, 164 | 薩拉托夫州 |
| 65 | 薩哈林州 |
| 66, 96, 196 | 斯維爾德洛夫斯克州 |
| 67 | 斯摩棱斯克州 |
| 68 | 坦波夫州 |
| 69 | 特維爾州 |
| 70 | 托木斯克州 |
| 71 | 圖拉州 |
| 72, 172 | 秋明州 |
| 73, 173 | 烏里揚諾夫斯克州 |
| 74, 174, 774 | 車里雅賓斯克州 |
| 75, 80* | 外貝加爾邊疆區 |
| 76 | 雅羅斯拉夫爾州 |
| 77, 97, 99, 177, 197, 199, 777, 797, 799, 977 | 莫斯科 |
| 78, 98, 178, 198 | 聖彼得堡 |
| 79 | 猶太自治州 |
| 80, 180* | 頓涅茨克人民共和國 (烏克蘭臨時被佔領土) |
| 81, 181* | 盧甘斯克人民共和國 (occupied Ukraine) |
| 82 | 克里米亞共和國 (occupied Ukraine) |
| 83 | 涅涅茨自治區 |
| 84, 184* | 赫爾松州 (occupied Ukraine) |
| 85, 185* | 扎波羅熱州 (occupied Ukraine) |
| 86, 186 | 漢特-曼西自治區 |
| 87 | 楚科奇自治區 |
| 88* | 埃文基自治區 (1993-2006) |
| 89 | 亞馬爾-涅涅茨自治區 |
| 92 | 塞瓦斯托波爾 (occupied Ukraine) |
| 94, 188 | Territories outside of the Russian Federation, served by the bodies of internal affairs of the Russian Federation, such as 拜科努爾 |
| 95 | 車臣共和國 |
| Internationally disputed areas in italics | |
外交代表機構和國際組織代碼
[編輯]
根據 2002 年 3 月 28 日起的內政部第 282 號命令。[7]
| 碼 | 國家或組織 |
|---|---|
| 001 |  英國
|
| 002 |  德國
|
| 003 |  加拿大
|
| 004 |  美國
|
| 005 |  日本
|
| 006 |  西班牙
|
| 007 |  法國
|
| 008 |  比利時
|
| 009 |  希臘
|
| 010 |  丹麥
|
| 011 |  意大利
|
| 012 |  盧森堡
|
| 013 |  荷蘭
|
| 014 |  挪威
|
| 015 |  土耳其
|
| 016 |  澳洲
|
| 017 |  奧地利
|
| 018 |  阿爾及利亞
|
| 019 |  埃及
|
| 020 |  盧旺達
|
| 021 |  阿根廷
|
| 022 |  阿富汗伊斯蘭共和國
|
| 023 |  緬甸
|
| 024 |  玻利維亞
|
| 025 |  巴西
|
| 026 |  布隆迪
|
| 027 |  加納
|
| 028 |  孟加拉
|
| 029 |  幾內亞
|
| 030 |  贊比亞
|
| 031 |  秘魯
|
| 032 |  印度
|
| 033 |  印度尼西亞
|
| 034 |  約旦
|
| 035 |  伊拉克
|
| 036 |  伊朗
|
| 037 |  愛爾蘭
|
| 038 |  冰島
|
| 039 |  柬埔寨
|
| 040 |  肯雅
|
| 041 |  塞浦路斯
|
| 042 |  剛果共和國
|
| 043 |  哥斯達黎加
|
| 044 |  科威特
|
| 045 |  老撾
|
| 047 |  黎巴嫩
|
| 048 |  利比亞
|
| 049 |  馬里
|
| 050 |  摩洛哥
|
| 051 |  墨西哥
|
| 052 |  尼泊爾
|
| 053 |  尼日利亞
|
| 054 |  委內瑞拉
|
| 055 |  新西蘭
|
| 056 |  巴基斯坦
|
| 057 |  布基納法索
|
| 058 |  塞內加爾
|
| 059 | N/A[a] |
| 060 |  索馬里
|
| 061 |  蘇丹
|
| 062 |  塞拉利昂
|
| 063 |  泰國
|
| 064 |  坦桑尼亞
|
| 065 |  突尼斯
|
| 066 |  烏干達
|
| 067 |  烏拉圭
|
| 068 |  菲律賓
|
| 069 |  芬蘭
|
| 070 |  斯里蘭卡
|
| 071 |  乍得
|
| 072 |  瑞士
|
| 073 |  瑞典
|
| 074 |  厄瓜多爾
|
| 075 |  埃塞俄比亞
|
| 076 |  安哥拉
|
| 077 |  剛果民主共和國
|
| 078 |  哥倫比亞
|
| 079 |  喀麥隆
|
| 080 |  幾內亞比紹
|
| 081 |  葡萄牙
|
| 082 |  保加利亞
|
| 083 |  匈牙利
|
| 084 | N/A |
| 085 | N/A |
| 086 |  波蘭
|
| 087 |  北韓
|
| 088 |  古巴
|
| 089 |  蒙古國
|
| 090 |  中國
|
| 091 |  羅馬尼亞
|
| 092 | N/A[b] |
| 093 |  塞爾維亞
|
| 094 |  貝寧
|
| 095 |  加蓬
|
| 096 |  圭亞那
|
| 097 |  毛里塔尼亞
|
| 098 |  馬達加斯加
|
| 099 |  馬來西亞
|
| 100 |  尼日爾
|
| 101 |  新加坡
|
| 102 |  多哥
|
| 103 |  中非
|
| 104 |  牙買加
|
| 105 |  也門
|
| 106 | N/A[c] |
| 107 |  巴勒斯坦
|
| 108 |  尼加拉瓜
|
| 109 |  莫桑比克
|
| 110 |  赤道幾內亞
|
| 111 |  馬爾他騎士團[d]
|
| 112 |  馬爾他
|
| 113 |  佛得角
|
| 114 | N/A |
| 115 |  津巴布韋
|
| 116 |  阿聯酋
|
| 117 |  科特迪瓦
|
| 118 |  納米比亞
|
| 119 | N/A[e] |
| 120 |  阿曼
|
| 121 |  卡塔爾
|
| 122 | N/A[f] |
| 123 | N/A[g] |
| 124 |  南韓
|
| 125 |  智利
|
| 126 |  巴拿馬[h]
|
| 127 |  以色列
|
| 128 |  北馬其頓[i]
|
| 129 |  阿爾巴尼亞
|
| 130 | N/A[j] |
| 131 |  梵蒂岡
|
| 132 |  立陶宛
|
| 133 |  敘利亞
|
| 134 |  愛沙尼亞
|
| 135 |  拉脫維亞
|
| 136 |  巴林
|
| 137 |  南非
|
| 138 |  亞美尼亞
|
| 139 | N/A[k] |
| 140 |  沙特阿拉伯
|
| 141 |  斯洛文尼亞
|
| 142 |  烏茲別克
|
| 143 |  吉爾吉斯
|
| 144 |  克羅地亞
|
| 145 |  阿塞拜疆
|
| 146 |  烏克蘭
|
| 147 |  摩爾多瓦
|
| 148 |  捷克
|
| 149 |  斯洛伐克
|
| 150 |  白俄羅斯
|
| 151 |  塔吉克
|
| 152 |  土庫曼
|
| 153 |  哈薩克
|
| 154 |  危地馬拉
|
| 155 |  波黑
|
| 156 |  厄立特里亞
|
| 157 |  巴拉圭
|
| 158 |  格魯吉亞
|
| 159 |  汶萊
|
| 160 |  岡比亞
|
| 161 |  越南
|
| 162 |  毛里裘斯
|
| 163 |  多米尼加
|
| 164 |  黑山
|
| 165 |  南奧塞梯
|
| 166 |  阿布哈茲
|
| 167 |  吉布提
|
| 168 |  南蘇丹
|
| 169 |  薩爾瓦多
|
| 499 |  歐洲聯盟委員會
|
| 500 | 歐洲復興開發銀行 |
| 501 | N/A[l] |
| 502 | N/A[m] |
| 503 |  阿拉伯國家聯盟
|
| 504 | 國際復興開發銀行 |
| 505 | 國際貨幣基金組織 |
| 506 | 國際移民組織 |
| 507 |  紅十字會與紅新月會國際聯合會
|
| 508 |  紅十字國際委員會
|
| 509 | 國際金融公司 |
| 510 |  聯合國工業發展組織 (UNIDO)
|
| 511 | 聯合國
|
| 512 |  聯合國教育、科學及文化組織 (UNESCO); code 126 used earlier.
|
| 514 | International Bank for Economic Complementation |
| 515 | International Investment Bank |
| 516 | 國際太空通訊組織 |
| 517 | International Centre of Scientific and Technical Information |
| 518 | N/A[n] |
| 520 | 國際勞工組織 |
| 521 | N/A[o] |
| 522 | Coordination Centre of the Intergovernmental Commission for Cooperation in Computing Machinery |
| 523 |  Executive Committee of the 獨立國家聯合體
|
| 524 | 歐洲空間局 |
| 525 | Eurasian Patent Organization |
| 526 | N/A[p] |
| 527 | N/A[q] |
| 528 | Interstate Bank
|
| 529 | N/A[r] |
| 530 | International Research Institute of Management Problems |
| 531 |  集體安全條約組織 (CSTO)
|
| 532 | Intergovernmental Statistical Committee of the 獨立國家聯合體
|
| 533 | Secretariate of Council of the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly
|
| 534 | Template:Country data EAEU 歐亞開發銀行 |
| 535 | Intergovernmental Foundation for Humanitarian Cooperation of the 獨立國家聯合體
|
| 555 | Template:Country data EAEU Eurasian Economic Commission |
| 556 |  Program Office of the 歐洲委員會 in Russia
|
| 557 | Antiterrorist Centre of the 獨立國家聯合體 member states
|
| 559 | 杜布納聯合原子核研究所 |
| 900 | Honorary consuls and offices headed by them[需要解釋] |
註
[編輯]- ^ Code 059 is a former code for 敘利亞. The current code for Syria is 133.
- ^ Code 092 is a former code for 捷克斯洛伐克. Currently, codes for 捷克 and 斯洛伐克 are 148 (Czech Republic), and 149 (Slovakia).
- ^ Code 106 is a former code for the 中非共和國. The current code for the Central African Republic is 103.
- ^ Earlier, code 111 belonged to the 經濟互助委員會. Replaced by the 馬爾他騎士團.
- ^ Code 119 is a former code for 南非. The current code for South Africa is 137.
- ^ Code 122 is a former code for the 阿拉伯國家聯盟. The current code for the Arab League is 503.
- ^ Code 123 is a former code for 列支敦士登.
- ^ Earlier, code 126 belonged to UNESCO. Replaced by 巴拿馬.
- ^ Earlier, code 128 belonged to the 歐洲聯盟. Replaced by 北馬其頓.
- ^ Code 130 is a former code for the 國際組織.
- ^ Code 139 is a former code for 格魯吉亞. The current code Georgia is 158.
- ^ Code 501 is a former code for the Un International Centre.
- ^ Code 502 is a former code for the Eurocommision. The current code for this organization is 499.
- ^ Code 518 is a former code for the International Scientific and Technical Centre
- ^ Code 521 is a former code for the Interelectro (International Organization for Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation in Electrical Industry)
- ^ Code 526 is a former code for the Taipei-Moscow Coordination Commission for Economic and Cultural Cooperation
- ^ Code 527 is a former code for the Headquarters for Coordination of Military Cooperation of the 獨立國家聯合體
- ^ Code 529 is a former code of the 歐亞經濟共同體 (earlier - Integration Committee of the Eurasian Economic Community)
參見
[編輯]- 車輛號牌
- Vehicle registration plates of Bulgaria, which uses similar letters and numbers
- European vehicle registration plates
參考
[編輯]
- ^ Буква «D» на автомобильном номере в России – что это значит?. dzen.ru. [13 March 2023]. 已忽略未知參數
|lang=（建議使用|language=） (幫助) - ^ Номер без флага: зачем он нужен и сколько стоит. autonews.ru. [13 March 2023]. 已忽略未知參數
|lang=（建議使用|language=） (幫助) - ^ Russian plates information. Matriculasdelmundo.com. [19 Jun 2023]. 已忽略未知參數
|lang=（建議使用|language=） (幫助) - ^ Elder, Miriam. Moscow's limos halted by blue buckets. The Guardian (London). May 28, 2010.
- ^ Жителям Харьковской области будут выдавать номера автомобилей с кодом 188. РБК. 2022-08-26 [2023-12-14] （俄語）.
- ^ Ministry of Internal Affairs Order 282 from March 28, 2002 - Приказ МВД России от 28.03.2002 N 282 (ред. от 22.12.2014) "О государственных регистрационных знаках транспортных средств". [March 3, 2016]. （原始內容存檔於March 6, 2016）.
- ^ Приказ МВД России от 28.03.2002 N 282 (ред. от 22.12.2014) "О государственных регистрационных знаках транспортных средств" [Russian MVD Order 282 of March 28, 2002]. Moscow, Russia: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. 22 December 2014 [7 May 2015] （Russian）.
Template:Vehicle registration plates of Europe
亞洲各國家和地區Vehicle registration plates of | ||
|---|---|---|
| 聯合國會員國 |  | |
| 聯合國觀察員 | ||
| 未受國際普遍承認國家 | ||
| 屬地和其他特殊政區 | ||