草稿:俄罗斯机动车辆车号牌
俄罗斯车辆牌照是俄罗斯用于显示车辆登记标记的强制性车牌。法律要求大多数公共道路使用的机动车辆必须展示俄罗斯车牌。如果车牌被雪、泥土、纸张或任何东西遮挡导致数字和字母难以辨认，将被视为行政违法，并会被处以罚款。
历史
[编辑]目前
[编辑].png)
The current format uses a letter followed by 3 digits and two more letters. To improve legibility of the numbers for Russian cars abroad, only a small subset of 西里尔字母 characters that 同形字 are used (12 letters: А, В, Е, К, М, Н, О, Р, С, Т, У, Х), additionally D was issued on some very early plates.[1] Finally, the region number (77, 97, 99, 177, 197, 199, 777, 797 and 799 for 莫斯科; 78, 98, 178, and 198 for 圣彼得堡, etc.) and the international code RUS with the Russian flag typically to the right of it, however the flag is not mandatory, and since 2013 owners may order plates without it. [2]
There is a different format for trailers (2 letters and 4 digits). Motorcycles, mopeds and scooters plates are made of square reflective plates and its format is 4 digits at the top and two letters at the bottom. These plates lack a national flag.
The standard size for the license plate is 520 mm by 112 mm.
Vehicles used by certain organisations or categories of persons carry special plates:
| Image | Description |
|---|---|
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Police forces have special numbers on blue colored plates and the format is one letter and four digits. The letter signifies the branch of the police force, and its meaning may change from city to city; for example, in Moscow, A #### 99 rus stands for traffic police, У #### 99 rus for patrol cars, O #### 99 rus for police guard dog service etc. |
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Diplomatic cars have white characters on a red background. The first three digits on the plate are a code identifying the embassy to which they belong, assigned in order based on the date at which that country established diplomatic relations with Russia or the Soviet Union. For example, the 英国 is 001, the 美国 is 004, and 南苏丹 is 168. Numbers 500 and above identify international organizations, such as 505 for 国际货币基金组织. On ambassadors' cars this code is followed by CD and a digit (004 CD 1 77 rus), while cars assigned to rank-and-file diplomats have this code followed by D and three digits (for example, 004 D 108 77 rus). The lacking diplomatic status administrative and technical staff of embassies, consulates or international organizations have license plate format (004 T 001 77 rus). |
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The military license plates have white characters on a black background and the format is NNNN LL for vehicles and LL NNNN for trailers. In this case the two digits on the right are not a regional code but a code for the military district, armed forces branch or service, or federal executive body where military service is required by law. For example, NNNN LL 14 rus is a vehicle belonging to the 俄罗斯铁道军, NNNN LL 18 rus denotes the 俄罗斯联邦紧急情况部, NNNN LL 23 rus is for the 俄罗斯战略火箭军, NNNN LL 21 rus for the 南部军区 etc. Unlike all other categories, the military number plates are not light reflective.[3] |
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Public transport vehicles (such as buses, licensed taxis and licensed 苏式小巴) have black characters on a yellow background and the format is LL NNN. Since such vehicles are relatively few, the region code does not change often; in Moscow, for example, yellow "public transport" plates are still issued with the code 77 in December 2009. (Note: This type is not to be confused with the now defunct similar-looking yellow license plates having the format LL NNN L, which were issued prior to 2002 to cars registered to foreign companies operating in Russia; the latter type has now been withdrawn.) |
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Trailer plates have colors very similar to normal passenger vehicles, but have format LL NNNN. Until July 2008, these plates had to be duplicated on the rear surface of the trailer, in a large print. |
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Temporary and transit licence plates. Made from glossy laminated paper with holographic sticker in the upper left corner. |
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Temporary and transit licence plates for exported vehicles with Т digit in left part of plate. |
 
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Motorcycle registration plates. From 2019 updated standard introduced reduced size plates 190 mm（7.5英寸）x145 mm（5.7英寸） (with Russian national flag on it). |
Special plates in the above categories never carry the Russian flag, except for trailers.
There are special series (usually numbers starting with A) reserved for government officials (for example, A 001 AA usually belongs to the 政区首长 of the region). The license plates for federal government officials originally had a larger flag instead of the regional code but this type has now been withdrawn as well.
Rich businessmen, prominent politicians and crime lords often use para-legally acquired special licence plates (government or police) to get preferential treatment from the transport police and as a status symbol. Often, this is used in conjunction with a flashing siren. The Society of Blue Buckets is a protest movement that opposes this trend.[4]
As of 2014, there are new codes for Russian plates in 乌克兰临时被占领土; number 82 for the Republic of Crimea and 92 for Sevastopol. The Russian Federation annexed Crimea from Ukraine and now administers it as two federal subjects: the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol. Ukraine, backed by most of the international community, refuses to accept the annexation and continues to assert its right over the peninsula. Vehicles with such plates may have difficulty entering countries which recognize Crimea as Ukrainian territory and thus deem documents issued by the Russian Federation in Crimea to be invalid.[来源请求]
After the February 2022 escalation of the 俄罗斯入侵乌克兰, Russia issued plates for its conquests in Ukraine's 顿涅茨克州, 赫尔松州, 卢甘斯克州, and 扎波罗热州. It also began to issue plates numbered 188 in 库皮扬斯克 for 哈尔科夫州,[5] but its forces were pushed out of the oblast's territory during the 2022年哈尔科夫反攻 in the fall of 2022.
Runout problem
[编辑]As per GOST provision, only 1,726,272 combinations may be issued within one administration unit (the digits 000 are not allowed). In certain regions, the number of vehicles exceeds that number. Additionally, previous combinations cannot be reused after a vehicle has been de-registered. This scheme creates an issue where the number of possible license plate combinations cannot meet the demand of the number of vehicle registrations.
A short-term solution saw the introduction of additional codes for regions that suffered from this problem. Thus, some regions have two or three codes issued to them, the city of 圣彼得堡 has four, 莫斯科州 has six, and the federal city of 莫斯科 has ten codes. But this does not fully solve the problem, as the authorities may eventually run out of three-numeral regional codes, and a fourth digit will not fit without changing the standardised layout of the plate.[来源请求] Since October 2013, when a vehicle is registered to a new owner, the registration plate could remain on the vehicle and a new registration number is not required, even if the vehicle is registered in another region.
The problem was resolved by re-registering plates that are no longer in use. Also, since 2013, the owner can keep the license plate for himself personally, or leave it on the car when selling it to another person.
Regional codes
[编辑]The license plate regional codes from 01 to 89 originally matched the numerical order of the 俄罗斯联邦主体 as listed in the Article 65 of the 俄罗斯联邦宪法 at the moment of the creation of the standard. In the following years some codes were reassigned or discontinued (for example code number 20 for the 车臣共和国: to prevent illegal registrations, and due to the destruction of the database in the 1990s, all the vehicles of Chechnya were reregistered). As the populous regions started running out of license plate combinations, new codes past code 89 were assigned to them as well. Additional triple-digit codes were created by prepending a "1", "2", "7", or "9" to the existing regional code (e.g. 54 and 154 for 新西伯利亚州, or 16, 116 and 716 in 鞑靼斯坦共和国).[6] Those regions with an asterisk (*) beside them were involved in mergers with other regions, so are no longer issued, and have their codes listed with an asterisk with the region they are now a part of.
_(29449865957).jpg)
In June 2014, code 82 (formerly registered to the 科里亚克区) was put back into registration for the 克里米亚共和国, while 塞瓦斯托波尔 adopted the new code 92. The reason for the decision to use code 82 was because, between the beginning of this plate format and the merging of the district, Koryak AO only registered 1,548 civilian car license plates (starting at A001AA/82 and ending at B549AA/82) and far less of other types (some types, such as public transport plates, were never issued in the region).
| 码 | 俄罗斯联邦地区 |
|---|---|
| 01 | 阿迪格共和国 |
| 02, 102, 702 | 巴什科尔托斯坦共和国 |
| 03 | 布里亚特共和国 |
| 04 | 阿尔泰共和国 |
| 05 | 达吉斯坦共和国 |
| 06 | 印古什共和国 |
| 07 | 卡巴尔达-巴尔卡尔共和国 |
| 08 | 卡尔梅克共和国 |
| 09 | 卡拉恰伊-切尔克斯共和国 |
| 10 | 卡累利阿共和国 |
| 11 | 科米共和国 |
| 12 | 马里埃尔共和国 |
| 13, 113 | 莫尔多瓦共和国 |
| 14 | 萨哈（雅库特）共和国 |
| 15 | 北奥塞梯-阿兰共和国 |
| 16, 116, 716 | 鞑靼斯坦共和国 |
| 17 | 图瓦共和国 |
| 18 | 乌德穆尔特共和国 |
| 19 | 哈卡斯共和国 |
| (20), 95 | 车臣共和国 |
| 21, 121 | 楚瓦什共和国 |
| 22, 122 | 阿尔泰边疆区 |
| 23, 93, 123, 193 | 克拉斯诺达尔边疆区 |
| 24, 84*, 88*, 124 | 克拉斯诺亚尔斯克边疆区 |
| 25, 125 | 滨海边疆区 |
| 26, 126 | 斯塔夫罗波尔边疆区 |
| 27 | 哈巴罗夫斯克边疆区 |
| 28 | 阿穆尔州 |
| 29 | 阿尔汉格尔斯克州 |
| 30 | 阿斯特拉罕州 |
| 31 | 别尔哥罗德州 |
| 32 | 布良斯克州 |
| 33 | 弗拉基米尔州 |
| 34, 134 | 伏尔加格勒州 |
| 35 | 沃洛格达州 |
| 36, 136 | 沃罗涅日州 |
| 37 | 伊万诺沃州 |
| 38, 85*, 138 | 伊尔库茨克州 |
| 39, 91 | 加里宁格勒州 |
| 40 | 卡卢加州 |
| 41, 82* | 堪察加边疆区 |
| 42, 142 | 克麦罗沃州 |
| 43 | 基洛夫州 |
| 44 | 科斯特罗马州 |
| 45 | 库尔干州 |
| 46 | 库尔斯克州 |
| 47, 147 | 列宁格勒州 |
| 48 | 利佩茨克州 |
| 49 | 马加丹州 |
| 50, 90, 150, 190, 750, 790 | 莫斯科州 |
| 51 | 摩尔曼斯克州 |
| 52, 152, 252 | 下诺夫哥罗德州 |
| 53 | 诺夫哥罗德州 |
| 54, 154 | 新西伯利亚州 |
| 55, 155 | 鄂木斯克州 |
| 56, 156 | 奥伦堡州 |
| 57 | 奥廖尔州 |
| 58 | 奔萨州 |
| 59, 81*, 159 | 彼尔姆边疆区 |
| 60 | 普斯科夫州 |
| 61, 161, 761 | 罗斯托夫州 |
| 62 | 梁赞州 |
| 63, 163, 763 | 萨马拉州 |
| 64, 164 | 萨拉托夫州 |
| 65 | 萨哈林州 |
| 66, 96, 196 | 斯维尔德洛夫斯克州 |
| 67 | 斯摩棱斯克州 |
| 68 | 坦波夫州 |
| 69 | 特维尔州 |
| 70 | 托木斯克州 |
| 71 | 图拉州 |
| 72, 172 | 秋明州 |
| 73, 173 | 乌里扬诺夫斯克州 |
| 74, 174, 774 | 车里雅宾斯克州 |
| 75, 80* | 外贝加尔边疆区 |
| 76 | 雅罗斯拉夫尔州 |
| 77, 97, 99, 177, 197, 199, 777, 797, 799, 977 | 莫斯科 |
| 78, 98, 178, 198 | 圣彼得堡 |
| 79 | 犹太自治州 |
| 80, 180* | 顿涅茨克人民共和国 (乌克兰临时被占领土) |
| 81, 181* | 卢甘斯克人民共和国 (occupied Ukraine) |
| 82 | 克里米亚共和国 (occupied Ukraine) |
| 83 | 涅涅茨自治区 |
| 84, 184* | 赫尔松州 (occupied Ukraine) |
| 85, 185* | 扎波罗热州 (occupied Ukraine) |
| 86, 186 | 汉特-曼西自治区 |
| 87 | 楚科奇自治区 |
| 88* | 埃文基自治区 (1993-2006) |
| 89 | 亚马尔-涅涅茨自治区 |
| 92 | 塞瓦斯托波尔 (occupied Ukraine) |
| 94, 188 | Territories outside of the Russian Federation, served by the bodies of internal affairs of the Russian Federation, such as 拜科努尔 |
| 95 | 车臣共和国 |
| Internationally disputed areas in italics | |
外交代表机构和国际组织代码
[编辑]
根据 2002 年 3 月 28 日起的内政部第 282 号命令。[7]
| 码 | 国家或组织 |
|---|---|
| 001 |  英国
|
| 002 |  德国
|
| 003 |  加拿大
|
| 004 |  美国
|
| 005 |  日本
|
| 006 |  西班牙
|
| 007 |  法国
|
| 008 |  比利时
|
| 009 |  希腊
|
| 010 |  丹麦
|
| 011 |  义大利
|
| 012 |  卢森堡
|
| 013 |  荷兰
|
| 014 |  挪威
|
| 015 |  土耳其
|
| 016 |  澳大利亚
|
| 017 |  奥地利
|
| 018 |  阿尔及利亚
|
| 019 |  埃及
|
| 020 |  卢旺达
|
| 021 |  阿根廷
|
| 022 |  阿富汗伊斯兰共和国
|
| 023 |  缅甸
|
| 024 |  玻利维亚
|
| 025 |  巴西
|
| 026 |  布隆迪
|
| 027 |  加纳
|
| 028 |  孟加拉国
|
| 029 |  几内亚
|
| 030 |  尚比亚
|
| 031 |  秘鲁
|
| 032 |  印度
|
| 033 |  印度尼西亚
|
| 034 |  约旦
|
| 035 |  伊拉克
|
| 036 |  伊朗
|
| 037 |  爱尔兰
|
| 038 |  冰岛
|
| 039 |  柬埔寨
|
| 040 |  肯尼亚
|
| 041 |  赛普勒斯
|
| 042 |  刚果共和国
|
| 043 |  哥斯达黎加
|
| 044 |  科威特
|
| 045 |  老挝
|
| 047 |  黎巴嫩
|
| 048 |  利比亚
|
| 049 |  马里
|
| 050 |  摩洛哥
|
| 051 |  墨西哥
|
| 052 |  尼泊尔
|
| 053 |  奈及利亚
|
| 054 |  委内瑞拉
|
| 055 |  新西兰
|
| 056 |  巴基斯坦
|
| 057 |  布吉纳法索
|
| 058 |  塞内加尔
|
| 059 | N/A[a] |
| 060 |  索马里
|
| 061 |  苏丹
|
| 062 |  塞拉利昂
|
| 063 |  泰国
|
| 064 |  坦桑尼亚
|
| 065 |  突尼西亚
|
| 066 |  乌干达
|
| 067 |  乌拉圭
|
| 068 |  菲律宾
|
| 069 |  芬兰
|
| 070 |  斯里兰卡
|
| 071 |  乍得
|
| 072 |  瑞士
|
| 073 |  瑞典
|
| 074 |  厄瓜多尔
|
| 075 |  衣索比亚
|
| 076 |  安哥拉
|
| 077 |  刚果民主共和国
|
| 078 |  哥伦比亚
|
| 079 |  喀麦隆
|
| 080 |  几内亚比绍
|
| 081 |  葡萄牙
|
| 082 |  保加利亚
|
| 083 |  匈牙利
|
| 084 | N/A |
| 085 | N/A |
| 086 |  波兰
|
| 087 |  朝鲜
|
| 088 |  古巴
|
| 089 |  蒙古国
|
| 090 |  中国
|
| 091 |  罗马尼亚
|
| 092 | N/A[b] |
| 093 |  塞尔维亚
|
| 094 |  贝宁
|
| 095 |  加彭
|
| 096 |  圭亚那
|
| 097 |  毛里塔尼亚
|
| 098 |  马达加斯加
|
| 099 |  马来西亚
|
| 100 |  尼日尔
|
| 101 |  新加坡
|
| 102 |  多哥
|
| 103 |  中非
|
| 104 |  牙买加
|
| 105 |  叶门
|
| 106 | N/A[c] |
| 107 |  巴勒斯坦
|
| 108 |  尼加拉瓜
|
| 109 |  莫桑比克
|
| 110 |  赤道几内亚
|
| 111 |  马尔他骑士团[d]
|
| 112 |  马尔他
|
| 113 |  佛得角
|
| 114 | N/A |
| 115 |  辛巴威
|
| 116 |  阿联酋
|
| 117 |  科特迪瓦
|
| 118 |  纳米比亚
|
| 119 | N/A[e] |
| 120 |  阿曼
|
| 121 |  卡塔尔
|
| 122 | N/A[f] |
| 123 | N/A[g] |
| 124 |  韩国
|
| 125 |  智利
|
| 126 |  巴拿马[h]
|
| 127 |  以色列
|
| 128 |  北马其顿[i]
|
| 129 |  阿尔巴尼亚
|
| 130 | N/A[j] |
| 131 |  梵蒂冈
|
| 132 |  立陶宛
|
| 133 |  叙利亚
|
| 134 |  爱沙尼亚
|
| 135 |  拉脱维亚
|
| 136 |  巴林
|
| 137 |  南非
|
| 138 |  亚美尼亚
|
| 139 | N/A[k] |
| 140 |  沙乌地阿拉伯
|
| 141 |  斯洛维尼亚
|
| 142 |  乌兹别克斯坦
|
| 143 |  吉尔吉斯斯坦
|
| 144 |  克罗地亚
|
| 145 |  阿塞拜疆
|
| 146 |  乌克兰
|
| 147 |  摩尔多瓦
|
| 148 |  捷克
|
| 149 |  斯洛伐克
|
| 150 |  白俄罗斯
|
| 151 |  塔吉克斯坦
|
| 152 |  土库曼斯坦
|
| 153 |  哈萨克斯坦
|
| 154 |  危地马拉
|
| 155 |  波黑
|
| 156 |  厄立特里亚
|
| 157 |  巴拉圭
|
| 158 |  格鲁吉亚
|
| 159 |  文莱
|
| 160 |  冈比亚
|
| 161 |  越南
|
| 162 |  模里西斯
|
| 163 |  多米尼加
|
| 164 |  蒙特内哥罗
|
| 165 |  南奥塞梯
|
| 166 |  阿布哈兹
|
| 167 |  吉布提
|
| 168 |  南苏丹
|
| 169 |  萨尔瓦多
|
| 499 |  欧洲联盟委员会
|
| 500 | 欧洲复兴开发银行 |
| 501 | N/A[l] |
| 502 | N/A[m] |
| 503 |  阿拉伯国家联盟
|
| 504 | 国际复兴开发银行 |
| 505 | 国际货币基金组织 |
| 506 | 国际移民组织 |
| 507 |  红十字会与红新月会国际联合会
|
| 508 |  红十字国际委员会
|
| 509 | 国际金融公司 |
| 510 |  联合国工业发展组织 (UNIDO)
|
| 511 | 联合国
|
| 512 |  联合国教育、科学及文化组织 (UNESCO); code 126 used earlier.
|
| 514 | International Bank for Economic Complementation |
| 515 | International Investment Bank |
| 516 | 国际太空通讯组织 |
| 517 | International Centre of Scientific and Technical Information |
| 518 | N/A[n] |
| 520 | 国际劳工组织 |
| 521 | N/A[o] |
| 522 | Coordination Centre of the Intergovernmental Commission for Cooperation in Computing Machinery |
| 523 |  Executive Committee of the 独立国家联合体
|
| 524 | 欧洲空间局 |
| 525 | Eurasian Patent Organization |
| 526 | N/A[p] |
| 527 | N/A[q] |
| 528 | Interstate Bank
|
| 529 | N/A[r] |
| 530 | International Research Institute of Management Problems |
| 531 |  集体安全条约组织 (CSTO)
|
| 532 | Intergovernmental Statistical Committee of the 独立国家联合体
|
| 533 | Secretariate of Council of the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly
|
| 534 | Template:Country data EAEU 欧亚开发银行 |
| 535 | Intergovernmental Foundation for Humanitarian Cooperation of the 独立国家联合体
|
| 555 | Template:Country data EAEU Eurasian Economic Commission |
| 556 |  Program Office of the 欧洲委员会 in Russia
|
| 557 | Antiterrorist Centre of the 独立国家联合体 member states
|
| 559 | 杜布纳联合原子核研究所 |
| 900 | Honorary consuls and offices headed by them[需要解释] |
注
[编辑]- ^ Code 059 is a former code for 叙利亚. The current code for Syria is 133.
- ^ Code 092 is a former code for 捷克斯洛伐克. Currently, codes for 捷克 and 斯洛伐克 are 148 (Czech Republic), and 149 (Slovakia).
- ^ Code 106 is a former code for the 中非共和国. The current code for the Central African Republic is 103.
- ^ Earlier, code 111 belonged to the 经济互助委员会. Replaced by the 马尔他骑士团.
- ^ Code 119 is a former code for 南非. The current code for South Africa is 137.
- ^ Code 122 is a former code for the 阿拉伯国家联盟. The current code for the Arab League is 503.
- ^ Code 123 is a former code for 列支敦斯登.
- ^ Earlier, code 126 belonged to UNESCO. Replaced by 巴拿马.
- ^ Earlier, code 128 belonged to the 欧洲联盟. Replaced by 北马其顿.
- ^ Code 130 is a former code for the 国际组织.
- ^ Code 139 is a former code for 格鲁吉亚. The current code Georgia is 158.
- ^ Code 501 is a former code for the Un International Centre.
- ^ Code 502 is a former code for the Eurocommision. The current code for this organization is 499.
- ^ Code 518 is a former code for the International Scientific and Technical Centre
- ^ Code 521 is a former code for the Interelectro (International Organization for Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation in Electrical Industry)
- ^ Code 526 is a former code for the Taipei-Moscow Coordination Commission for Economic and Cultural Cooperation
- ^ Code 527 is a former code for the Headquarters for Coordination of Military Cooperation of the 独立国家联合体
- ^ Code 529 is a former code of the 欧亚经济共同体 (earlier - Integration Committee of the Eurasian Economic Community)
参见
[编辑]- 车辆号牌
- Vehicle registration plates of Bulgaria, which uses similar letters and numbers
- European vehicle registration plates
参考
[编辑]
- ^ Буква «D» на автомобильном номере в России – что это значит?. dzen.ru. [13 March 2023]. 已忽略未知参数
|lang=（建议使用|language=） (帮助) - ^ Номер без флага: зачем он нужен и сколько стоит. autonews.ru. [13 March 2023]. 已忽略未知参数
|lang=（建议使用|language=） (帮助) - ^ Russian plates information. Matriculasdelmundo.com. [19 Jun 2023]. 已忽略未知参数
|lang=（建议使用|language=） (帮助) - ^ Elder, Miriam. Moscow's limos halted by blue buckets. The Guardian (London). May 28, 2010.
- ^ Жителям Харьковской области будут выдавать номера автомобилей с кодом 188. РБК. 2022-08-26 [2023-12-14] （俄语）.
- ^ Ministry of Internal Affairs Order 282 from March 28, 2002 - Приказ МВД России от 28.03.2002 N 282 (ред. от 22.12.2014) "О государственных регистрационных знаках транспортных средств". [March 3, 2016]. （原始内容存档于March 6, 2016）.
- ^ Приказ МВД России от 28.03.2002 N 282 (ред. от 22.12.2014) "О государственных регистрационных знаках транспортных средств" [Russian MVD Order 282 of March 28, 2002]. Moscow, Russia: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. 22 December 2014 [7 May 2015] （Russian）.
Template:Vehicle registration plates of Europe
亚洲各国家和地区Vehicle registration plates of | ||
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| 联合国会员国 |  | |
| 联合国观察员 | ||
| 未受国际普遍承认国家 | ||
| 属地和其他特殊政区 | ||