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2010年航太活動列表

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維基百科,自由的百科全書
2010年航太活動
2010年12月8日,飛龍號太空船搭乘獵鷹9號火箭完成首飛
軌道發射
首次1月16日
末次12月29日
總計74
成功70
失敗4
部分失敗0
識別碼70
火箭
處女航擎天神5號501構型
擎天神5號531構型
獵鷹9號1.0版本
GSLVMk. II型
米諾陶4號
退役三角洲二號7420構型
閃電-M英語Molniya-M
宇宙3號M型
載人太空飛行
軌道飛行次數7
載人太空飛行人數合計31
2010年航太活動列表
← 2009
2011 →

2010年,全球航太活動中出現了許多重大事件。包括用於商業軌道運輸服務英語Commercial Orbital Transportation ServicesSpaceX飛龍號太空船的首次飛行,該飛船旨在為國際太空站運輸補給,以及獵鷹9號米諾陶4號運載火箭的首飛。2010年6月,韓國進行了第二次羅老運載火箭的發射,該火箭在2009年首飛失敗;然而,第二次嘗試也失敗了。宇宙3號M型運載火箭退役,於4月進行了其最後一次飛行;在9月進行了最後一次飛行後,閃電-M運載火箭英語Molniya-M也宣布退役。[1]

概述

[編輯]

2010年的全球首次次軌道發射於1月10日23:00(UTC)進行,當時一枚黑雁IX探空火箭英語Black Brant (rocket)作為波音YAL-1機載雷射系統的目標發射。1月11日,中國進行了該國首次反彈道飛彈試驗,涉及兩枚飛彈。全球首次軌道發射於1月16日16:12(UTC)進行,當時長征三號丙運載火箭西昌衛星發射中心發射了北斗-G1導航衛星

2010年共進行了74次軌道發射,其中70次成功,4次失敗。最後一次軌道發射是在12月29日,當時亞利安5號ECA構型從庫魯附近的圭亞那太空中心發射了Hispasat-1E和Koreasat 6號太空載具。

深空探測

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5月,日本使用H-IIA運載火箭發射發射了該國首個金星探測器「破曉」號。其目的是尋找金星上的閃電和火山。[2]儘管發射成功,但該太空載具未能在12月進入環繞金星的軌道[3],最終它在5年後的2015年12月才成功進入金星軌道。第一艘可操作的太陽帆IKAROS」號與「破曉」號搭乘同一枚火箭升空。

日本的第一個小行星探測器「隼鳥」號於6月13日返回地球,此前它曾降落在小行星25143「絲川」上收集樣本。[4]這也是世界上第一個成功從小行星採樣返回的航太任務。[5]

10月1日10:59:57(UTC),中國成功發射嫦娥二號探測器,這是嫦娥工程的第二次任務。此次任務使用長征三號丙運載火箭西昌衛星發射中心發射。嫦娥二號的任務與之前的嫦娥一號類似,但重點是繪製潛在著陸點,為嫦娥三號無人月球著陸器做好準備。[6]

載人太空飛行

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2010年按計畫進行了7次載人飛行任務,包括3次太空梭和4次聯盟號飛船任務,用於國際太空站乘組人員輪換。STS-130使用奮進號,是本年度首次載人飛行,奮進號於2月8日發射,搭載寧靜號節點艙穹頂艙前往國際太空站。4月5日,發現號執行STS-131任務,搭載「萊昂納多」多功能後勤模組英語Multi-Purpose_Logistics_Module(MPLM)為太空站提供補給。

4月2日,聯盟TMA-18飛船將遠征23英語Expedition 23乘組人員送往國際太空站;該飛船計畫在太空站對接約6個月​​,以便乘組人員在緊急情況下撤離。此前不久,聯盟TMA-16飛船脫離對接,將前一批國際太空站乘組人員送回地球。5月14日,美國太空梭 亞特蘭蒂斯號發射升空,執行其倒數第二次飛行——STS-132任務,將晨曦號實驗艙英語Rassvet (ISS module)送往國際太空站。6月15日,聯盟TMA-19飛船搭載遠征24英語Expedition 24乘組發射升空。10月8日,聯盟TMA-01M飛船發射升空,這是現代化改造的聯盟TMA飛船的首次飛行,搭載遠征25英語Expedition 25乘組人員前往國際太空站。最後,在年底,遠征26英語Expedition 26於12月15日搭乘聯盟TMA-20飛船發射升空。

發射失敗

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2010年共發生了4起軌道發射失敗事故。其中兩起影響地球同步衛星運載火箭(GSLV),一起影響羅老運載火箭,另一起影響質子運載火箭。第一次失敗發生在4月15日,當時是GSLV Mk.II型首次發射。火箭的第三級發生故障,導致火箭和GSAT-4衛星無法進入軌道並墜入大海。第二次失敗發生在羅老運載火箭的第二次試飛期間,當時火箭搭載著STSAT-2B太空載具。火箭在起飛137秒後爆炸。[7]

第三次故障發生在12月5日,當時搭載首個Blok DM-03上層級的質子-M運載火箭未能將三顆格洛納斯-M衛星送入軌道。發射前,Blok DM的燃料加注錯誤,導致火箭太重而無法到達停泊軌道。[8]第四次故障發生在2010年12月25日,當時GSLV Mk.I型在GSAT-5P發射過程中爆炸。由於第一級的液體燃料推進器失控,火箭被發射場安全控制系統下令摧毀。[9]

軌道發射

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已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯
發射時間 (UTC) 運載火箭 火箭編號 發射場 發射服務提供商英語List of launch service providers
酬載
(⚀ = 立方星)
載荷使用者 軌道 功能 再入時間 (UTC) 結果
附註

January

[編輯]
16 January
16:12
中國 Long March 3C 中國 Xichang LC-2 中國 CNSA
中國 BeiDou-2 G1 (Beidou-3/Compass-G1) CNSA Geosynchronous Navigation 在軌 Operational
28 January
00:18
俄羅斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 81/24 俄羅斯 Khrunichev
俄羅斯 Raduga-1M №2 (Globus-1M №12L) VKS Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational

February

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3 February
03:45
俄羅斯 Soyuz-U 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄羅斯 Roscosmos
俄羅斯 Progress M-04M / 36P Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 1 July
14:40
Successful
ISS flight 36P
8 February
09:14
美國 美國太空梭 奮進號 美國 Kennedy LC-39A 美國 United Space Alliance
美國 STS-130 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly 22 February
03:22
Successful
聯合國 Tranquility[10] NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly 在軌 Operational
聯合國 Cupola NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly 在軌 Operational
Crewed flight with six astronauts.
11 February
15:23
美國 Atlas V 401 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-41 美國 United Launch Alliance
美國 Solar Dynamics Observatory NASA Geosynchronous Heliophysics 在軌 Operational
12 February
00:39
俄羅斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 200/39 俄羅斯 美國 International Launch Services
聯合國 Intelsat 16 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational

March

[編輯]
1 March
21:19
俄羅斯 Proton-M / DM-2 Enhanced 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 81/24 俄羅斯 Khrunichev
俄羅斯 Kosmos 2459
(Glonass-M 731)
VKS Medium Earth Navigation 在軌 Operational
俄羅斯 Kosmos 2460
(Glonass-M 732)
VKS Medium Earth Navigation 在軌 Operational
俄羅斯 Kosmos 2461
(Glonass-M 735)
VKS Medium Earth Navigation 在軌 Operational
4 March
23:57
美國 Delta IV-M+ (4,2) 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-37B 美國 United Launch Alliance
美國 GOES-P (GOES-15) NOAA / NASA Geosynchronous Meteorology 在軌 Operational
Satellite redesignated EWS-G2 after being transferred to the U.S. Space Force in September 2023.[11]
5 March
04:55
中華人民共和國 Long March 4C 中華人民共和國 Jiuquan SLS-2 中華人民共和國 CNSA
中華人民共和國 Yaogan 9A CNSA Low Earth (SSO) ELINT 在軌 Operational
中華人民共和國 Yaogan 9B CNSA Low Earth (SSO) ELINT 在軌 Operational
中華人民共和國 Yaogan 9C CNSA Low Earth (SSO) ELINT 在軌 Operational
First Long March 4 series launch from Jiuquan.
20 March
18:27
俄羅斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 200/39 俄羅斯 美國 International Launch Services
美國 Echostar XIV Echostar Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational

April

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2 April
04:04
俄羅斯 Soyuz-FG 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄羅斯 Roscosmos
俄羅斯 Soyuz TMA-18 Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 23 25 September
05:23
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts.
5 April
10:21
美國 美國太空梭 發現號[12] 美國 Kennedy LC-39A 美國 United Space Alliance
美國 STS-131 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 20 April
13:08:35
Successful
義大利美國Leonardo MPLM ASI / NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics Successful
Crewed flight with seven astronauts.
8 April
13:57
烏克蘭 Dnepr 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 109/95 俄羅斯 ISC Kosmotras
歐洲聯盟 Cryosat-2[13] ESA Low Earth Climatology 在軌 Operational
15 April
10:57
印度 GSLV Mk II 印度 Satish Dhawan SLP 印度 ISRO
印度 GSAT-4 (HealthSat) ISRO Intended: Geosynchronous Communications
Navigation
15 April Launch failure
Maiden flight of GSLV Mk. II, third stage failure.
16 April
15:00[來源請求]
俄羅斯 Soyuz-U 俄羅斯 Plesetsk Site 16/2 俄羅斯 VKS
俄羅斯 Kosmos 2462 (Yantar-4K2M №6/Kobalt-M №6) VKS Low Earth Reconnaissance 21 July Successful
22 April
23:52[14]
美國 Atlas V 501 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-41 美國 United Launch Alliance
美國 USA-212 (X-37B OTV-1)[14] U.S. Air Force Low Earth Technology demonstration 3 December
09:16
Successful
Maiden flight of Atlas V 501 and Boeing X-37B.
24 April
11:19
俄羅斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 200/39 俄羅斯 美國 International Launch Services
荷蘭 SES-1 (OS-1) SES World Skies Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
27 April
01:05
俄羅斯 Kosmos-3M 俄羅斯 Plesetsk Site 132/1 俄羅斯 VKS
俄羅斯 Kosmos 2463 (Parus) VKS Low Earth Navigation
Communications
在軌 Operational
Final flight of Kosmos-3M.
28 April
17:15
俄羅斯 Soyuz-U 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄羅斯 Roscosmos
俄羅斯 Progress M-05M / 37P Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 15 November
09:35:39
Successful
ISS flight 37P

May

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14 May
18:20
美國 美國太空梭 亞特蘭蒂斯號[12] 美國 Kennedy LC-39A 美國 United Space Alliance
美國 STS-132 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 26 May
12:48:11
Successful
聯合國 Rassvet (MRM-1) Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly 在軌 Operational
Crewed flight with six astronauts. Rassvet was launched along with the MLM outfittings that included a spare elbow joint for the European Robotic Arm (ERA) (which was launched with Nauka) and an ERA-portable workpost used during EVAs, as well as a heat radiator, internal hardware and an experiment airlock for launching CubeSats to be positioned on the modified passive forward port near the nadir end of the Nauka module.[15]
20 May
21:58:22[18]
日本 H-IIA 202 日本 Tanegashima LA-Y1 日本 MHI
日本 Akatsuki (Planet-C) JAXA Intended: Cytherocentric
Actual: Heliocentric, corrected to Cytherocentric
Venus orbiter 在軌 Operational after partial spacecraft failure
日本 IKAROS JAXA Heliocentric Solar sail 在軌 Successful
日本 Waseda-SAT2 Waseda Low Earth Earth observation 15 August[19] Spacecraft failure[16][20]
日本 Hayato (K-Sat)[21] Kagoshima Low Earth Earth observation 28 June[22] – 14[23] July Partial spacecraft failure
日本 Negai☆'' Soka Low Earth Technology demonstration 26 June[24] Successful
日本 Shin'en (UNITEC-1)[25] UNISEC Heliocentric Technology demonstration 在軌 Spacecraft failure[16][26]
日本 DCAM-1 JAXA Heliocentric Technology demonstration 在軌 Successful
日本 DCAM-2 JAXA Heliocentric Technology demonstration 在軌 Successful
Waseda-SAT2 never contacted ground, Hayato affected by communications problems, contact lost with Shin'en on 21 May, unclear if data has been received since.[16] DCAM spacecraft deployed from IKAROS and used to observe deployment of the solar sail.[17] Akatsuki malfunctioned during Cytherocentric orbit insertion, and failed to enter orbit. It managed to orbit around Venus five years later.
21 May
22:01
歐洲聯盟 Ariane 5 ECA 法國 Kourou ELA-3 法國 Arianespace
盧森堡 Astra 3B SES Astra Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
德國 COMSATBw-2 Bundeswehr Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
28 May
03:00
美國 Delta IV-M+ (4,2) 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-37B 美國 United Launch Alliance
美國 USA-213 (GPS IIF SV-1) U.S. Air Force Medium Earth Navigation 在軌 Operational

June

[編輯]
2 June
01:59
俄羅斯 Rokot / Briz-KM[27] 俄羅斯 Plesetsk Site 133/3 歐洲聯盟 俄羅斯 Eurockot[28]
日本 SERVIS-2 USEF Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
2 June
15:53:04
中華人民共和國 Long March 3C 中華人民共和國 Xichang LC-2 中華人民共和國 CNSA
中華人民共和國 Compass-G3 CNSA Geosynchronous Navigation 在軌 Operational
3 June
22:00:08
俄羅斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 200/39 俄羅斯 美國 International Launch Services
沙烏地阿拉伯 Badr-5 ARABSAT Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
4 June
18:45[31]
美國 Falcon 9 v1.0[32][33][34] 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 美國 SpaceX[35]
美國 DSQU SpaceX Low Earth Boilerplate 27 June
00:50[36]
Successful
Maiden flight of Falcon 9.[29][30]
10 June
08:01[37]
俄羅斯 大韓民國 Naro-1 大韓民國 Naro LC-1[38] 俄羅斯 大韓民國 Khrunichev / KARI
大韓民國 STSAT-2B KARI Intended: Low Earth Technology demonstration +137 seconds Launch failure
Exploded during first stage burn.[7]
15 June
01:39[39]
中華人民共和國 Long March 2D 中華人民共和國 Jiuquan SLS-2 中華人民共和國 CNSA
中華人民共和國 Shijian 12[40] CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
15 June
14:42
烏克蘭 Dnepr[41] 俄羅斯 Dombarovsky Site 13 俄羅斯 ISC Kosmotras
瑞典 Prisma-Mango SSC Low Earth (SSO)[42] Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
瑞典 Prisma-Tango SSC Low Earth (SSO)[42] Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
法國 Picard CNES Low Earth (SSO)[42] Helioseismology 在軌 Operational
烏克蘭 BPA-1 Hartron-Arkos Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
BPA-1 intentionally remained attached to upper stage.
15 June
21:35
俄羅斯 Soyuz-FG 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄羅斯 Roscosmos
俄羅斯 Soyuz TMA-19 Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 24 26 November
04:46:53
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts
21 June
02:14
烏克蘭 Dnepr 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 109/95 俄羅斯 ISC Kosmotras
德國 TanDEM-X DLR Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
22 June
19:00
以色列 Shavit-2 以色列 Palmachim 以色列 Israel Aerospace Industries
以色列 Ofek-9[44] IAI / Israeli Defense Forces Low Earth (retrograde) Reconnaissance 在軌 Operational[45]
Known as Ofek-8 before launch.[43]
26 June
21:41
歐洲聯盟 Ariane 5 ECA[46] 法國 Kourou ELA-3 法國 Arianespace
沙烏地阿拉伯 ArabSat-5A ARABSAT Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
大韓民國 Chollian (COMS-1) KARI Geosynchronous[47] Communications
Meteorology
Oceanography
在軌 Successful[48]
30 June
15:35
俄羅斯 Soyuz-U 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄羅斯 Roscosmos
俄羅斯 Progress M-06M / 38P Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 6 September
12:53:20
Successful
ISS flight 38P

July

[編輯]
10 July
18:40
俄羅斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 200/39 俄羅斯 美國 International Launch Services
美國 EchoStar XV Echostar Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
12 July[49]
03:53
印度 PSLV-CA 印度 Satish Dhawan FLP 印度 ISRO
印度 Cartosat-2B ISRO Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
阿爾及利亞 AlSat-2A ASAL Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
印度 StudSat StudSat Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
挪威 AISSat-1 NDRE Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
瑞士 TIsat-1 SUPSI Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
AISSat and TIsat cubeSats to be launched as NLS-6, coordinated by UTIAS
31 July
21:30
中華人民共和國 Long March 3A 中華人民共和國 Xichang LC-3 中華人民共和國 CNSA
中華人民共和國 Compass IGSO-1 CNSA IGSO Navigation 在軌 Operational

August

[編輯]
4 August
20:59
歐洲聯盟 Ariane 5 ECA 法國 Kourou ELA-3 法國 Arianespace
埃及 Nilesat-201 Nilesat Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
模里西斯 RASCOM-QAF 1R RASCOM-QAF Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
9 August
22:49[50]
中華人民共和國 Long March 4C 中華人民共和國 Taiyuan LC-2 中華人民共和國 CNSA
中華人民共和國 Yaogan 10 CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance 在軌 Operational
14 August
11:07
美國 Atlas V 531 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-41 美國 United Launch Alliance
美國 USA-214 (AEHF-1) U.S. Air Force Intended: Geosynchronous
Actual: GTO
Communications 在軌 Partial spacecraft failure[51]
Operational
Maiden flight of Atlas V 531; liquid apogee engine failed to operate during orbital insertion process.[51]
24 August
07:10
中華人民共和國 Long March 2D 中華人民共和國 Jiuquan SLS-2 中華人民共和國 CNSA
中華人民共和國 Tian Hui 1 CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational

September

[編輯]
2 September
00:53:43
俄羅斯 Proton-M / DM-2 Enhanced 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 81/24 俄羅斯 Roscosmos
俄羅斯 Kosmos 2464
(Glonass-M 736)
VKS Medium Earth Navigation 在軌 Operational
俄羅斯 Kosmos 2465
(Glonass-M 737)
VKS Medium Earth Navigation 在軌 Operational
俄羅斯 Kosmos 2466
(Glonass-M 738)
VKS Medium Earth Navigation 在軌 Operational
4 September
16:14
中華人民共和國 Long March 3B 中華人民共和國 Xichang LC-2 中華人民共和國 CNSA
中華人民共和國 Chinasat-6A Sinosat Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
8 September
03:30
俄羅斯 Rokot / Briz-KM 俄羅斯 Plesetsk Site 133/3 俄羅斯 RVSN RF
俄羅斯 Gonets-M No.2 Gonets Satellite System[52] Low Earth Communications 在軌 Operational
俄羅斯 Kosmos 2467 (Strela-3) VKS Low Earth Communications 在軌 Operational
俄羅斯 Kosmos 2468 (Strela-3) VKS Low Earth Communications 在軌 Operational
10 September
10:22
俄羅斯 Soyuz-U 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 31/6 俄羅斯 Roscosmos
俄羅斯 Progress M-07M / 39P Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 20 February 2011
16:12
Successful
ISS flight 39P
11 September[53]
11:17
日本 H-IIA 202[54] 日本 Tanegashima LA-Y1 日本 MHI
日本 QZSS-1 (Michibiki) JAXA Tundra Navigation 在軌 Successful[55]
21 September
04:03:30
美國 Atlas V 501 美國 Vandenberg SLC-3E 美國 United Launch Alliance
美國 USA-215 NRO Low Earth (retrograde) 在軌 Operational
NRO Launch 41
22 September
02:42[56]
中華人民共和國 Long March 2D 中華人民共和國 Jiuquan SLS-2 中華人民共和國 CNSA
中華人民共和國 Yaogan 11 CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance 在軌 Operational
中華人民共和國 Zheda Pixing 1B CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
中華人民共和國 Zheda Pixing 1C CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
26 September
04:41
美國 Minotaur IV 美國 Vandenberg SLC-8 美國 Orbital Sciences
美國 USA-216 (SBSS) U.S. Air Force Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration
Space surveillance
在軌 Operational
First orbital launch of Minotaur IV.
30 September[57]
17:01[1]
俄羅斯 Molniya-M / 2BL 俄羅斯 Plesetsk Site 16/2 俄羅斯 RVSN RF
俄羅斯 Kosmos 2469 (Oko) VKS Molniya Missile defense 15 October 2022[58] Successful
Final flight of Molniya-M.[1]

October

[編輯]
1 October
10:59:57[59]
中華人民共和國 Long March 3C 中華人民共和國 Xichang LC-2 中華人民共和國 CNSA
中華人民共和國 Chang'e 2 CNSA Selenocentric[60] Lunar orbiter 在軌 Operational
6 October
00:49
中華人民共和國 Long March 4B 中華人民共和國 Taiyuan LC-2 中華人民共和國 CNSA
中華人民共和國 Shijian 6-04A CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
中華人民共和國 Shijian 6-04B CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
7 October
23:10:57
俄羅斯 Soyuz-FG 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄羅斯 Roscosmos
俄羅斯 Soyuz TMA-01M Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 25 16 March 2011
07:54
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts, maiden flight of modernised Soyuz-TMA spacecraft.
14 October
18:53[61]
俄羅斯 Proton-M / Briz-M 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 81/24 俄羅斯 美國 International Launch Services
美國 XM-5 XM Satellite Radio Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
19 October
17:10:59
俄羅斯 Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 31/6 歐洲聯盟 俄羅斯 Starsem
美國 Globalstar-2 #1 Globalstar Low Earth Communications 在軌 Operational
美國 Globalstar-2 #2 Globalstar Low Earth Communications 在軌 Operational
美國 Globalstar-2 #3 Globalstar Low Earth Communications 在軌 Operational
美國 Globalstar-2 #4 Globalstar Low Earth Communications 在軌 Operational
美國 Globalstar-2 #5 Globalstar Low Earth Communications 在軌 Operational
美國 Globalstar-2 #6 Globalstar Low Earth Communications 在軌 Operational
27 October
15:11:53
俄羅斯 Soyuz-U 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄羅斯 Roscosmos
俄羅斯 Progress M-08M / 40P Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 24 January 2011 Successful[62]
ISS flight 40P.
28 October[64]
21:51
歐洲聯盟 Ariane 5 ECA 法國 Kourou ELA-3 法國 Arianespace
法國 Eutelsat W3B Eutelsat Intended: Geosynchronous
Actual: GTO
Communications 在軌 Spacecraft failure[65]
日本 BSAT-3b[66] BSAT Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational[67]
Eutelsat W3B written-off as a total loss immediately after launch due to an oxidizer leak in the satellite's main propulsion system.[63]
31 October
16:26
中華人民共和國 Long March 3C 中華人民共和國 Xichang LC-2 中華人民共和國 CNSA
中華人民共和國 Compass-G4 CNSA Geosynchronous Navigation 在軌 Operational

November

[編輯]
2 November
00:59[68]
俄羅斯 Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat 俄羅斯 Plesetsk Site 43/4 俄羅斯 RVSN RF
俄羅斯 Meridian 3 VKS Molniya Communications 在軌 Operational
4 November
18:37[69]
中華人民共和國 Long March 4C 中華人民共和國 Taiyuan LC-2 中華人民共和國 CNSA
中華人民共和國 Fengyun 3B CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Meteorology 在軌 Operational
6 November
02:20
美國 Delta II 7420-10 美國 Vandenberg SLC-2W 美國 United Launch Alliance
義大利 COSMO-4 ASI Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在軌 Operational
Final flight of Delta II 7420.[70]
14 November
17:29
俄羅斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 200/39 俄羅斯 美國 International Launch Services
美國 SkyTerra-1 SkyTerra Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational[71]
20 November
01:25
美國 Minotaur IV / HAPS 美國 Kodiak LP-1 美國 Orbital Sciences
美國 STPSat-2 STP Low Earth Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
美國 O/OREOS NASA AMES Low Earth Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
美國 RAX University of Michigan Low Earth Auroral 在軌 Operational
美國 FASTSAT NASA Low Earth Technology demonstration 在軌 Partial spacecraft failure
美國 NanoSail-D2 NASA Low Earth Technology demonstration 17 September 2011[72] Successful
美國 Sara-Lily (FASTRAC 1) Texas Low Earth Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
美國 Emma (FASTRAC 2) UT Austin Low Earth Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
美國 USA-221 / FalconSat-5 USAFA Low Earth Technology demonstration 在軌 Operational
Maiden flight of Minotaur IV/HAPS. NanoSail-D2 should have been deployed from FASTSAT seven days after launch, immediate deployment failed but ejection was confirmed almost two months later on 19 January 2011
21 November
22:58[73]
美國 Delta IV Heavy 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-37B 美國 United Launch Alliance
美國 USA-223 / Orion 7 NRO Geosynchronous Reconnaissance 在軌 Operational
NROL-32 mission.
24 November
16:09[74]
中華人民共和國 Long March 3A 中華人民共和國 Xichang LC-3 中華人民共和國 CNSA
中華人民共和國 Chinasat 20A CNSA Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
26 November
18:39
歐洲聯盟 Ariane 5 ECA 法國 Kourou ELA-3 法國 Arianespace
聯合國 Intelsat 17 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
英國 HYLAS-1[75] Avanti[76] Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
40th consecutive Ariane 5 launch success.

December

[編輯]
5 December
10:25
俄羅斯 Proton-M / DM-03 Enhanced 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 81/24 俄羅斯 Roscosmos
俄羅斯 Glonass-M 739 VKS Intended: Medium Earth Navigation 5 December Launch failure
俄羅斯 Glonass-M 740 VKS Intended: Medium Earth Navigation
俄羅斯 Glonass-M 741 VKS Intended: Medium Earth Navigation
Maiden flight of Blok DM-03. Incorrect fuelling of upper stage led to mass being too great to achieve parking orbit, reentered over the Pacific Ocean.[8]
8 December
15:43
美國 Falcon 9 v1.0 美國 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 美國 SpaceX
美國 Dragon C1 SpaceX / NASA Low Earth Flight test 8 December
19:02
Successful
美國 SMDC-ONE 1 U.S. Army Low Earth Communications 12 January 2011 Successful
美國 Mayflower-Caerus Northrop Grumman / USC Low Earth Technology demonstration 22 December Successful
美國 QbX-1 NRO Low Earth Technology demonstration 6 January 2011 Successful
美國 QbX-2 NRO Low Earth Technology demonstration 16 January 2011 Successful
美國 Perseus 000 LANL Low Earth Technology demonstration 30 December Successful
美國 Perseus 001 LANL Low Earth Technology demonstration 31 December Successful
美國 Perseus 002 LANL Low Earth Technology demonstration 30 December Successful
美國 Perseus 003 LANL Low Earth Technology demonstration 31 December Successful
COTS Demo 1; maiden flight of the SpaceX Dragon; Mayflower included Caerus payload operated by USC.
15 December
19:09[77]
俄羅斯 Soyuz-FG 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 1/5 俄羅斯 Roscosmos
俄羅斯 Soyuz TMA-20 Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 26 24 May 2011
02:27
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts.
17 December
20:04
中華人民共和國 Long March 3A 中華人民共和國 Xichang LC-3 中華人民共和國 CNSA
中華人民共和國 Compass IGSO-2 CNSA IGSO Navigation 在軌 Operational
25 December
10:34
印度 GSLV Mk.I 印度 Satish Dhawan SLP 印度 ISRO
印度 GSAT-5P ISRO Intended: Geosynchronous Communications 25 December Launch failure
Disintegrated during first stage flight.
26 December
22:51
俄羅斯 Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced 哈薩克斯坦 Baikonur Site 200/39 俄羅斯 美國 International Launch Services
法國 KA-SAT Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
29 December
21:27
歐洲聯盟 Ariane 5 ECA 法國 Kourou ELA-3 法國 Arianespace
西班牙 Hispasat-1E Hispasat Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational
大韓民國 Koreasat 6[78][79] Koreasat Geosynchronous Communications 在軌 Operational

次軌道發射

[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯
發射時間 (UTC) 運載火箭 火箭編號 發射場 發射服務提供商英語List of launch service providers
酬載
(⚀ = 立方星)
載荷使用者 軌道 功能 再入時間 (UTC) 結果
附註
10 January
23:00:00[80]
加拿大 Black Brant IX 美國 San Nicolas 美國 NASA
美國 MARTI U.S. Air Force Suborbital Target 10 January Successful
11 January
11:55[81]
中華人民共和國CSS-X-11 中華人民共和國Shuangchengzi Space and Missile Center 中華人民共和國 PLA
PLA Suborbital ABM target 11 January Successful
Target
11 January
12:00
中華人民共和國 SC-19 中華人民共和國 Korla Missile Test Complex 中華人民共和國 PLA
PLA Suborbital ABM test 11 January Successful[82]
Interceptor
14 January
06:50[84]
印度 RH-300 Mk.II 印度 TERLS 印度 ISRO
ISRO Suborbital Solar/Aeronomy 14 January Successful
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[83]
14 January
07:35[84]
印度RH-300 Mk. II 印度TERLS 印度ISRO
ISRO Suborbital Solar/Aeronomy 14 January Successful
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[83]
14 January[84]
07:45
印度 RH-560 Mk.II 印度 Satish Dhawan 印度ISRO
ISRO Suborbital Solar/Aeronomy 14 January Successful
Apogee: 548 km(341 mi)[83]
15 January
06:50[84]
印度RH-300 Mk. II 印度TERLS 印度ISRO
ISRO Suborbital Solar/Aeronomy 15 January Successful
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[83]
15 January
07:35[84]
印度RH-300 Mk. II 印度TERLS 印度ISRO
ISRO Suborbital Solar/Aeronomy 15 January Successful
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[83]
15 January
10:30[84]
印度RH-300 Mk. II 印度TERLS 印度ISRO
ISRO Suborbital Solar/Aeronomy 15 January Successful
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[83]
15 January[84]
07:45
印度RH-560 Mk. II 印度Satish Dhawan 印度ISRO
ISRO Suborbital Solar/Aeronomy 15 January Successful
Apogee: 523 km(325 mi)[83]
27 January
08:25[81]
法國 M51 法國 Le Terrible, Audierne Bay 法國 DGA
DGA Suborbital Missile test 27 January Successful
First launch of M51 from a submarine[85]
31 January
11:40[86]
美國 UGM-96 Trident I C4 (LV-2) FTG-06 馬紹爾群島 Meck 美國 MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM target 30 January Successful[86]
Maiden flight of Trident I in LV-2 configuration, interceptor failed[86]
31 January 美國 Ground Based Interceptor FTG-06 美國 Vandenberg LF-23 美國MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM test 30 January Spacecraft failure[86]
Radar tracking problem caused by unexpected "chuffing", compounded by thruster problem on interceptor, resulted in failure to intercept Trident[86]
3 February 伊朗 Kavoshgar (Naze'at-based) 伊朗 Semnan Space Center 伊朗 ISA
伊朗 Kavoshgar-3 ISA Suborbital Biological 3 February Successful[87]
4 February
08:03:07
加拿大Black Brant IX 美國San Nicolas 美國NASA
美國MARTI U.S. Air Force Suborbital Target 4 February Successful[80]
7 February
05:20
印度 Agni-III 印度 ITR IC-4 印度 DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Missile test 7 February Successful[88]
Travelled 3,500 km(2,175 mi) downrange
9 February
09:01:00
美國 Terrier-Orion 美國 Poker Flat 美國NASA
Alaska Suborbital Auroral 9 February Successful[80]
12 February
04:44[89]
俄羅斯 R-17 Elbrus 美國 Ship, Pacific Ocean 美國 U.S. Air Force
U.S. Air Force Suborbital Target 12 February Successful[89]
Destroyed by Boeing YAL-1 aircraft
12 February
05:31:20
加拿大Black Brant IX 美國San Nicolas 美國NASA
美國MARTI U.S. Air Force Suborbital Target 12 February Successful[80]
15 February
09:49:11
加拿大Black Brant XII 美國Poker Flat 美國NASA
Dartmouth Suborbital Auroral 15 February Successful[80]
Apogee: 803 km(499 mi)[83]
17 February 美國 Juno 美國 Fort Wingate LC-96 美國US Army
US Army Suborbital Target 17 February Successful
Target for MIM-104 Patriot PAC-3 MSE test, successful intercept
4 March
04:50
俄羅斯 R-29RMU Sineva 俄羅斯 K-114 Tula, Barents Sea 俄羅斯 VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 4 March Successful
15 March 印度 Prithvi 印度ITR IC-4 印度DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Target 15 March Launch failure
Target for ABM test, deviated from planned course, interceptor not launched[90]
22 March 美國 Terrier Mk.70-Orion 澳大利亞 Woomera LA-2 澳大利亞 美國 DSTO/U.S. Air Force
澳大利亞 美國 HIFiRE-1 DSTO/U.S. Air Force Suborbital Technology demonstration 22 March Successful
Hypersonic research experiment
26 March
13:43
美國/歐洲聯盟 Maxus 瑞典 Esrange 歐洲聯盟 EuroLaunch
瑞典 歐洲聯盟 MAXUS-8 SSC / ESA Suborbital Microgravity 26 March
13:55
Successful[91]
Apogee: 700 km(435 mi)[83]
27 March
00:14[83]
印度 Dhanush[92] 印度 INS Subhadra Indian Ocean 印度 DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Missile test 27 March Successful
27 March
00:18[83]
印度 Prithvi II[92] 印度 Integrated Test Range IC-3 印度 DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Missile test 27 March Successful
27 March
14:09:56[93]
美國 Terrier-Improved Malemute 美國 Wallops Island LA-1/50K 美國NASA
NASA Suborbital Test flight 27 March Successful
美國 SOCEM CalPoly Suborbital Technology demonstration 27 March Successful
美國 ADAMASat Kentucky Space Suborbital Technology demonstration 27 March Successful
Maiden flight of Terrier-Improved Malemute, apogee: 270 km(168 mi)[83]
27 March
19:37[83]
印度 Agni I[94] 印度 Integrated Test Range IC-4 印度Indian Army
Indian Army Suborbital Missile test 28 March Successful
22 April
23:00[14]
美國 Minotaur IV Lite 美國 Vandenberg SLC-8 美國 Orbital Sciences
美國 HTV-2a U.S. Air Force Suborbital Technology demonstration 22 April Spacecraft failure[95]
Maiden flight of Minotaur IV, loss of contact with HTV nine minutes after launch.[95]
3 May
09:47:00
加拿大Black Brant IX 美國San Nicolas 美國NASA
美國MARTI U.S. Air Force Suborbital Target 3 May Successful
3 May
18:32:00
加拿大Black Brant IX[97] 美國White Sands 美國NASA
美國 EVE CU Boulder Suborbital Geospace/Solar 3 May Successful
Used to calibrate the Solar Dynamics Observatory[96]
4 May
12:41:02[99]
美國 SpaceLoft XL 美國 Spaceport America 美國 UP Aerospace
美國 RocketSat CSG Suborbital Technology demonstration 4 May Successful
NMSU Suborbital Technology demonstration Successful
UNM Suborbital Technology demonstration Successful
美國 Pioneer Celestis Suborbital Space burial Successful
Reached an apogee of 113 km(70 mi), successfully recovered.[98]
6 May
03:50[100][101]
臺灣地區 Taiwan Sounding Rocket Sounding Rocket VII 臺灣地區 Jiu Peng Air Base 臺灣地區 NSPO
臺灣地區 Ion probe NSPO/NCU Suborbital Ionospheric research 6 May Successful
Apogee: 289 km(180 mi)[100]
8 May 巴基斯坦 Ghaznavi 巴基斯坦 Sonmiani 巴基斯坦 ASFC
ASFC Suborbital Missile test 8 May Successful
8 May 巴基斯坦 Shaheen-I 巴基斯坦Sonmiani 巴基斯坦ASFC
ASFC Suborbital Missile test 8 May Successful
17 May
11:29
印度 Agni-II 印度 ITR IC-3 印度 Indian Army
Indian Army Suborbital Missile test 17 May Successful
Travelled 2,500 km(1,553 mi) downrange
21 May
09:00:00
加拿大Black Brant IX 美國White Sands 美國NASA
美國 DICE CU Boulder Suborbital Astronomy 21 May Spacecraft failure[80]
6 June
22:25[83]
美國Ground Based Interceptor 美國 Vandenberg LF-24 美國MDA
MDA Suborbital Test flight 6 June Successful
Two stage test vehicle, non-intercept test
8 June 美國 UGM-133 Trident II D5 美國 「Maryland」號SSBN-738 (6), ETR 美國 US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Test flight 8 June Successful
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 42
8 June 美國UGM-133 Trident II D5 美國 「Maryland」號SSBN-738 (6), ETR 美國US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Test flight 8 June Successful
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 42
9 June 美國UGM-133 Trident II D5 美國 「Maryland」號SSBN-738 (6), ETR 美國US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Test flight 9 June Successful
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 43
9 June 美國UGM-133 Trident II D5 美國 「Maryland」號SSBN-738 (6), ETR 美國US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Test flight 9 June Successful
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 43
16 June
10:01
美國 LGM-30G Minuteman III 美國 Vandenberg LF-10 美國U.S. Air Force
U.S. Air Force Suborbital Missile test 16 June Successful
Travelled 6,743 km(4,190 mi) to Kwajalein Atoll
24 June
11:17:00
美國Terrier-Orion 美國Wallops Island LA-2/MRL 美國NASA
美國 RockOn! Colorado Suborbital Student research 24 June Successful
30 June
10:40:01[83]
美國LGM-30G Minuteman III 美國 Vandenberg LF-04 美國U.S. Air Force
U.S. Air Force Suborbital Missile test 30 June Successful
10 July
11:32[102]
法國M51 法國Le Terrible, Audierne Bay 法國DGA/Marine nationale
DGA/Marine nationale Suborbital Test flight 10 July Successful
11 July 加拿大Black Brant IX 美國White Sands 美國NASA
美國 CIBER Caltech[103] Suborbital Astronomy 11 July Successful
27 July 印度 Prithvi 印度ITR IC-4 印度DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Target 27 July Successful
Target for ABM test, intercepted successfully by AAD
30 July
18:18
加拿大Black Brant IX 美國White Sands 美國NASA
美國 SUMI NASA Suborbital Solar 30 July Successful
4 August
09:15
加拿大Black Brant X 美國Wallops Island LA-1/50K 美國NASA
NASA Suborbital Test flight
Technology
4 August Successful
Tests of Nihka rocket motor, with secondary technology experiments
6 August[104] 俄羅斯R-29RMU Sineva 俄羅斯K-114 Tula, Barents Sea 俄羅斯VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 6 August Successful
6 August[104] 俄羅斯R-29RMU Sineva 俄羅斯K-114 Tula, Barents Sea 俄羅斯VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 6 August Successful
23 August
17:57
加拿大Black Brant IX 美國White Sands 美國NASA
美國RAISE SwRI Suborbital Solar 23 August Successful
30 August
20:00[106]
日本 S-520 日本 Uchinoura 日本JAXA
JAXA/TMU/Kagawa
/Shizuoka
Suborbital Technology demonstration 30 August Partial spacecraft failure[105]
High-voltage control experiments not conducted as planned[105]
17 September
10:03
美國LGM-30G Minuteman III 美國 Vandenberg LF-09 美國U.S. Air Force
U.S. Air Force Suborbital Test flight 17 September Successful
21 September
13:07:30[107]
美國Terrier-Orion 美國Wallops Island LA-2/MRL 美國NASA
美國 SubTec-III NASA Suborbital Technology demonstration 21 September
13:23[107]
Successful[107]
6 October 美國 ARAV-B (Terrier-Oriole)? 美國Kauai 美國MDA
MDA Suborbital Aegis radar target 6 October Successful
Aegis radar target, detected by STSS-Satellites
6 October 美國 ARAV-B (Terrier-Oriole)? 美國Kauai 美國MDA
MDA Suborbital Aegis radar target 6 October Successful
Aegis radar target, detected by STSS-Satellites
7 October[來源請求]
03:10
俄羅斯 RSM-56 Bulava 俄羅斯 TK-208 Dmitri Donskoi, White Sea 俄羅斯 VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 7 October Successful
21 October[108]
17:00
加拿大Black Brant IX 美國San Nicolas 美國NASA
U.S. Air Force Suborbital Target 21 October Successful
27 October
10:15[109]
美國 Nike Orion 瑞典Esrange 歐洲聯盟EuroLaunch
德國 MAPHEUS-2 DLR Suborbital Technology demonstration 27 October Successful
Apogee: 153 km(95 mi)
28 October[來源請求]
09:59
俄羅斯 RS-12M Topol 俄羅斯 Plesetsk 俄羅斯 RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 28 October Successful
28 October
10:30[來源請求]
俄羅斯R-29RMU Sineva 俄羅斯 K-117 Bryansk, Barents Sea 俄羅斯VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 28 October Successful
28 October
10:30[來源請求]
俄羅斯 R-29R Volna 俄羅斯 K-433 Svyatoy Georgiy Pobedonosets, Sea of Okhotsk 俄羅斯VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 28 October Successful
29 October[來源請求]
01:10
俄羅斯RSM-56 Bulava 俄羅斯TK-208 Dmitri Donskoi, White Sea 俄羅斯VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 29 October Successful
29 October
03:06
JFTM-4 美國Kauai 美國MDA
JMSDF/MDA Suborbital ABM target 29 October Successful
Apogee: 161 km(100 mi), intercepted by SM-3
29 October
03:09
美國RIM-161 SM-3 JFTM-4 日本 JDS Kirishima, Pacific Ocean 日本JMSDF
JMSDF Suborbital ABM test 29 October Successful
Apogee: 161 km(100 mi), intercepted target
25 November
04:40
印度 Agni I 印度 Integrated Test Range IC-4 印度Indian Army
Indian Army Suborbital Missile test 25 November Successful
4 December
04:21[110]
美國Nike-Improved Orion 挪威Andøya 挪威Andøya
挪威 德國 ECOMA 2010-1 Andøya/DLR Suborbital Aeronomy 4 December Successful
5 December
19:11
俄羅斯RS-12M Topol 俄羅斯 Kapustin Yar 俄羅斯RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 5 December Successful
6 December
16:45
加拿大Terrier-Orion 美國White Sands 美國NASA
美國 TRaiNED NASA Suborbital Technology demonstration 6 December Successful
6 December
17:19
巴西 Improved Orion 巴西 Alcântara 巴西 AEB
巴西Maracati 2 INPE Suborbital Microgravity 6 December Successful
Test for Operation Maracati 2[111]
10 December 印度 Agni-II Plus 印度 ITR IC-3 印度 Indian Army
Indian Army Suborbital Missile test 10 December Launch failure
Upgraded Agni II version, fell into the sea shortly after launch
12 December
06:38[112]
加拿大Black Brant XII 挪威 Andøya 美國NASA
美國 RENU 1 New Hampshire Suborbital Geospace 12 December Launch failure[113]
12 December
12:35
巴西 VSB-30 巴西 Alcântara 巴西 AEB
巴西Maracati 2 INPE Suborbital Microgravity 12 December
12:51
Successful
Operation Maracati 2, MICROG 1A payload[114]
13 December
03:24
美國Nike-Improved Orion 挪威Andøya 挪威Andøya
挪威 德國 ECOMA 2010-2 Andøya/DLR Suborbital Aeronomy 13 December Successful
15 December 美國 UGM-96 Trident I C4 (LV-2) FTG-06a 馬紹爾群島 Meck 美國 MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM target 15 December Successful
15 December 美國 Ground Based Interceptor FTG-06a 美國 Vandenberg LF-23 美國MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM test 15 December Spacecraft failure
Interceptor failed, the cause is under investigation
19 December
02:36
美國Nike-Improved Orion 挪威Andøya 挪威Andøya
挪威 德國 ECOMA 2010-3 Andøya/DLR Suborbital Aeronomy 19 December Successful
21 December 巴基斯坦 Ghauri 巴基斯坦 Tilla 巴基斯坦Army of Pakistan
巴基斯坦 Haft-5 Army of Pakistan Suborbital Missile test 21 December Successful
Apogee: 100 km(62 mi)
22 December 印度 Prithvi II[92] 印度 Integrated Test Range IC-3 印度 DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Missile test 22 December Successful
22 December 印度 Prithvi II[92] 印度 Integrated Test Range IC-3 印度 DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Missile test 22 December Successful

深空機動

[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯
日期 (UTC) 太空載具 事件 備註
12 January Cassini 65th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,073 km(667 mi)
28 January Cassini 66th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 7,490 km(4,654 mi)
31 January Artemis P1 Lunar flyby Closest approach: 11,992 km(7,451 mi) at 08:13 UTC[115]
1 February Artemis P2 Lunar flyby Closest approach: 69,222 km(43,013 mi) at 14:44 UTC[115]
13 February Artemis P1 Lunar flyby Closest approach: 2,958 km(1,838 mi) at 10:06 UTC[115]
13 February Cassini Flyby of Mimas Closest approach: 9,520 km(5,915 mi)
16 February Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 991 km(616 mi)
22 February Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 574 km(357 mi)
25 February Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 398 km(247 mi)
28 February Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 226 km(140 mi)
1 March Artemis P2 Lunar flyby Closest approach: 68,036 km(42,276 mi) at 04:11 UTC[115]
2 March Cassini 2nd flyby of Rhea Closest approach: 100 km(62 mi)
3 March Cassini Flyby of Helene Closest approach: 1,803 km(1,120 mi)
3 March Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 67 km(42 mi)
7 March Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 107 km(66 mi)
10 March Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 286 km(178 mi)
13 March Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 476 km(296 mi)
16 March Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 662 km(411 mi)
19 March Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 848 km(527 mi)
23 March Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 1,341 km(833 mi)
26 March Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 1,304 km(810 mi)
28 March Artemis P2 Lunar flyby Closest approach: 9,366 km(5,820 mi) at 07:34 UTC[115]
5 April Cassini 67th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 7,462 km(4,637 mi)
7 April Cassini 2nd flyby of Dione Closest approach: 504 km(313 mi)
28 April Cassini 9th flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 103 km(64 mi)
18 May Cassini 10th flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 201 km(125 mi)
20 May Cassini 68th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,400 km(870 mi)
5 June Cassini 69th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 2,044 km(1,270 mi)
13 June Hayabusa First sample return mission from asteroid Sample canister successful recovered to Earth
21 June Cassini 70th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 955 km(593 mi)
7 July Cassini 71st flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,005 km(624 mi)
10 July Rosetta Flyby of 21 Lutetia Closest approach: 3,100 km(1,926 mi)[116]
13 August Cassini 11th flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 2,554 km(1,587 mi)
25 August Artemis P1 LL2 orbit insertion
24 September Cassini 72nd flyby of Titan Closest approach: 8,175 km(5,080 mi)
6 October Chang'e 2 Lunar orbit insertion
16 October Cassini Flyby of Pallene Closest approach: 36,000 km(22,369 mi)
22 October Artemis P2 LL1 orbit insertion
4 November Deep Impact Flyby of Hartley 2 Closest approach: 700 km(435 mi)[117]
11 November Cassini 73rd flyby of Titan
30 November Cassini 12th flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 47.9 km(30 mi)
7 December Akatsuki 1st flyby of Venus Cytherocentric orbit insertion failure
Closest approach: 550 km(342 mi)
8 December IKAROS Flyby of Venus Closest approach: 80,800 km(50,207 mi)
21 December Cassini 13th flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 50 km(31 mi)
December Shin'en Flyby of Venus not confirmed.

卡西尼號在上半年對土衛四土衛二土衛一土衛五土衛三土衛六進行遠距離、非目標飛掠。

艙外活動

[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯
開始時間 持續時間 結束時間 太空載具 乘組 工作內容 備註
14 January
10:05
5 hours
44 minutes
15:49 Expedition 22
ISS Pirs
俄羅斯 Oleg Kotov
俄羅斯 Maksim Surayev
Prepared the Poisk module for future dockings.[118][119]
12 February
02:17
6 hours
32 minutes
08:49 STS-130
ISS Quest
美國 Robert L. Behnken
美國 Nicholas Patrick
Removed a protective cover on a port on the Unity node where Tranquility was berthed halfway through the spacewalk. The pair then transferred a spare parts platform for the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator from the shuttle to the station. Once that task is completed Behnken and Patrick made several connections on the newly installed Tranquility node to begin its activation.[120][121]
14 February
02:20
5 hours
54 minutes
08:14 STS-130
ISS Quest
美國Robert L. Behnken
美國Nicholas Patrick
Installed ammonia plumbing and connectors between Unity, Destiny and Tranquility and covered them with thermal insulation. Prepared the nadir port on Tranquility for the relocation of the Cupola, and installed handrails on the exterior of Tranquility.[122][123]
17 February
02:15
5 hours
48 minutes
08:03 STS-130
ISS Quest
美國Robert L. Behnken
美國Nicholas Patrick
Installed additional ammonia plumbing between Unity and Tranquility, removed insulation and launch locks from the Cupola, installed additional handrails on the exterior of Tranquility and performed get-ahead tasks to support the installation of a Power Data Grapple Fixture (PDGF) on the exterior of Zarya with cable installation on Unity and the S0 truss.[124][125]
9 April
05:31
6 hours
27 minutes
11:58 STS-131
ISS Quest
美國 Richard Mastracchio
美國 Clayton Anderson
Relocated new an ammonia tank from the Shuttle's payload bay to a temporary stowage location and disconnected the fluid lines to the old ammonia tank on the S1 truss. Retrieved a Japanese seed experiment from the exterior of the Kibo laboratory for return to earth and replaced a failed gyroscope on the S0 truss. Performed get-ahead tasks including the opening of a window flap on the zenith CBM of Harmony, and removed launch restraint bolts from a Flex Hose Rotary Coupler (FHRC) on the P1 truss.[126][127]
11 April
05:30
7 hours
26 minutes
12:56 STS-131
ISS Quest
美國Richard Mastracchio
美國Clayton Anderson
The old ammonia tank was removed from the S1 truss and was replaced with the new tank. The electrical connections to the tank were made, but the fluid lines were deferred to the mission's third EVA due to time constraints since the installation was prolonged by a problem with the bolts that hold the tank to the truss. The old tank was relocated to a temporary stowage location on the station and a foot restraint was relocated in preparation for a future shuttle mission's spacewalk.[128][129]
13 April
06:14
6 hours
24 minutes
12:36 STS-131
ISS Quest
美國Richard Mastracchio
美國Clayton Anderson
The fluid lines were connected to the new ammonia tank and the old tank was moved to the shuttle's payload bay for return to Earth. Micro-meteoroid debris shields from the Quest airlock which were no longer necessary were brought inside the airlock for return to Earth inside the Leonardo MPLM. The Z1 truss was prepared for the installation of a spare antenna on the next shuttle mission, and a foot restraint was relocated in preparation for a future spacewalk. The retrieval of an external carrier plate on Columbus was deferred to another shuttle mission due to time constraints after problems were encountered with attaching the old ammonia tank to a carrier in the payload bay, and several other tasks were deferred to later EVAs due to the replanning from the problems with the mission's second EVA.[130][131]
17 May
11:54
7 hours
25 minutes
19:19 STS-132
ISS Quest
美國 Garrett Reisman
美國 Stephen G. Bowen
Installed a spare space-to-ground Ku-band antenna on the Z1 truss; installed new tool platform on Dextre, and broke torque on bolts holding replacement batteries to the ICC-VLD cargo carrier.[132][133]
19 May
10:38
7 hours
9 minutes
17:47 STS-132
ISS Quest
美國Stephen G. Bowen
美國 Michael T. Good
Repaired Atlantis' Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS); P6 battery replacement (4 of 6 units); and removed gimbal locks from the Ku-band antenna installed on the first EVA of the mission.[134][135]
21 May
10:27
6 hours
46 minutes
17:13 STS-132
ISS Quest
美國Michael T. Good
美國Garrett Reisman
P6 battery replacement (final 2 of 6 units); installed ammonia "jumpers" at the P4/P5 interface; retrieved a spare PDGF from Atlantis' payload bay and stowed it inside the Quest airlock. The spacewalkers also replenished supplies of EVA tools in toolboxes on the exterior of the station.[136][137]
27 July
04:11
6 hours
42 minutes
10:53 Expedition 24
ISS Pirs
俄羅斯 Fyodor Yurchikhin
俄羅斯 Mikhail Korniyenko
Replaced an ATV video camera on Zvezda, routed command and data handling lines from Zvezda and Zarya to the new Rassvet module as well as made KURS connections between Rassvet and Zarya to allow future automated dockings to the new module. Then the two cosmonauts jettisoned the old ATV video camera.[138][139]
7 August
11:19
8 hours
3 minutes
19:22 Expedition 24
ISS Quest
美國 Douglas H. Wheelock
美國 Tracy Caldwell Dyson
Attempted to replace failed S1 ammonia pump module. The spacewalkers did not complete all of the planned tasks due to a quick disconnect that got stuck and would not release. The pair had to complete a "bake-out" in order to ensure there was no ammonia on their suits before re-entering the Space Station.[140][141]
11 August
12:27
7 hours
26 minutes
19:53 Expedition 24
ISS Quest
美國Douglas H. Wheelock
美國Tracy Caldwell Dyson
Completed removal of failed pump module from the S1 truss and began installation preparations on the replacement pump.[142][143]
16 August
10:20
7 hours
20 minutes
17:40 Expedition 24
ISS Quest
美國Douglas H. Wheelock
美國Tracy Caldwell Dyson
Installed new pump module on the S1 truss.[144][145]
15 November
14:55
6 hours
27 minutes
21:22 Expedition 25
ISS Pirs
俄羅斯Fyodor Yurchikhin
俄羅斯Oleg Skripochka
Install a multipurpose workstation on Zvezda, retrieve camera, retrieve kontur, install new materials experiment, collect samples below insulation.[146][147]

軌道發射統計

[編輯]

按國家(區域)

[編輯]

就本章節的主旨而言,每次航太飛行所屬的國家以火箭的原產國為準,而不是發射服務提供商或發射場所在國。例如,第聶伯運載火箭雖然從俄羅斯發射,但被計入烏克蘭。

中國: 15歐洲: 6印度: 3以色列: 1日本: 2韓國: 1俄羅斯: 28烏克蘭: 3美國: 15
  •   中國: 15
  •   歐洲: 6
  •   印度: 3
  •   以色列: 1
  •   日本: 2
  •   韓國: 1
  •   俄羅斯: 28
  •   烏克蘭: 3
  •   美國: 15
國家(區域) 發射數 成功數 失敗數 部分
失敗數
備註
 中國 15 15 0 0
 歐洲 6 6 0 0
 印度 3 1 2 0
 以色列 1 1 0 0
 日本 2 2 0 0
 南韓 1 0 1 0 俄羅斯提供技術支援
 俄羅斯 28 27 1 0
 烏克蘭 3 3 0 0 從俄羅斯發射
 美國 15 15 0 0
總計 74 70 4 0

按火箭

[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯

By family

[編輯]

By type

[編輯]

By configuration

[編輯]

按發射場

[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯
5
10
15
20
25
30
China
France
India
Israel
Japan
Kazakhstan
South Korea
Russia
United States
Site Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks
Baikonur  哈薩克 24 23 1 0
Cape Canaveral  美國 8 8 0 0
Dombarovsky  俄羅斯 1 1 0 0
Jiuquan  中國 4 4 0 0
Kennedy  美國 3 3 0 0
Kodiak  美國 1 1 0 0
Kourou  法國 6 6 0 0
Naro  南韓 1 0 1 0
Palmachim  以色列 1 1 0 0
Plesetsk  俄羅斯 6 6 0 0
Satish Dhawan  印度 3 1 2 0
Taiyuan  中國 3 3 0 0
Tanegashima  日本 2 2 0 0
Vandenberg  美國 3 3 0 0
Xichang  中國 8 8 0 0
Total 74 70 4 0

按軌道

[編輯]
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯
  •   Transatmospheric
  •   Low Earth
  •   Low Earth (ISS)
  •   Low Earth (SSO)
  •   Low Earth (retrograde)
  •   Medium Earth
  •   Geosychronous
    (transfer)
  •   Inclined GSO
  •   High Earth
  •   Heliocentric
Orbital regime Launches Successes Failures Accidentally
achieved
Remarks
Transatmospheric 0 0 0 0
Low Earth 37 36 1 0 12 to ISS
Medium Earth / Molniya 6 5 1 0
Geosynchronous / GTO 29 27 2 0
High Earth / Lunar transfer 1 1 0 0
Heliocentric / Planetary transfer 1 1 0 0
Total 74 70 4 0

參考

[編輯]
  1. 中國國家航天局
  2. 中國探月網
  3. Encyclopedia Astronautica
  4. Gunter's Space Page - Chronology of Space Launches
  5. 日本宇宙航空研究開發機構
  6. Jonathan's Space Report(SatCat.txt與Launchlog.txt兩項)
  7. Mission Set Database (NASA GFC)
  8. NASA
  9. NASA SpaceFlight.com
  10. Orbital Report News Agency's Launch Logs
  11. Space Calander (NASA JPL)
  12. Southwest Space Archive
  13. SPACE.com Launch Forecast
  14. SpaceFlightNow
  15. Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive
  16. U.S. Space Objects Registry

註腳

[編輯]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Mu, Xuequan. Russia sends military satellite into space. Xinhua. 1 October 2010 [30 September 2010]. (原始內容存檔於3 October 2010). 
  2. ^ Amos, Jonathan. Japan launches Akatsuki probe to Venus. BBC News. 20 May 2010 [13 July 2010]. 
  3. ^ Bergin, Chris. JAXA H-IIA carrying AKATSUKI and IKAROS launches at second attempt. NASASpaceflight.com. 20 May 2010 [13 July 2010]. (原始內容存檔於21 July 2010). 
  4. ^ Moskowitz, Clara. Japanese Asteroid Probe Makes Historic Return to Earth. Space.com. 13 June 2010 [13 July 2010]. (原始內容存檔於17 June 2010). 
  5. ^ Amos, Jonathan. Japan probe collected particles from Itokawa asteroid. BBC News (BBC). 16 November 2010 [17 November 2010]. (原始內容存檔於16 November 2010). 
  6. ^ Clark, Stephen. China maintains hectic pace for more space program firsts. Spaceflight Now. 5 March 2010 [13 July 2010]. (原始內容存檔於12 June 2010). 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 South Korea rocket 'explodes' moments after take-off. BBC News. 10 June 2010 [10 June 2010]. (原始內容存檔於10 June 2010). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Clark, Stephen. Russia clears Proton to resume flying in December. Spaceflight Now. 10 December 2010 [29 December 2010]. (原始內容存檔於8 January 2011). 
  9. ^ Rocket failed after 45 seconds, says ISRO. Hindustan Times. 25 December 2010 [25 December 2010]. (原始內容存檔於26 December 2010). 
  10. ^ NASA's Shuttle and Rocket Missions. NASA. [5 August 2008]. (原始內容存檔於13 September 2008). 
  11. ^ Space Force accepts second weather satellite through NOAA partnership. U.S. Space Force. 22 September 2023 [26 September 2023]. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Bergin, Chris. Downstream shuttle planning: CLFs, AMS noted, MAF working on extra ETs. NASASpaceflight.com. 11 February 2009 [16 February 2009]. (原始內容存檔於16 February 2009). 
  13. ^ ESA's ice mission / CryoSat-2. Esa.int. 2010-04-08 [2015-09-10]. 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 McDowell, Jonathan. Issue 627. Jonathan's Space Report. 11 May 2010 [13 July 2010]. (原始內容存檔於8 March 2012). 
  15. ^ Многоцелевой лабораторный модуль "Наука". roscosmos.ru. [2021-07-14]. (原始內容存檔於14 July 2021). 
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 小林行雄. 「第3回 相乗り小型副衛星ワークショップ」を開催 %7C エンタープライズ. Mainichi Communications. 2 August 2010 [3 August 2010]. (原始內容存檔於22 October 2010) (日語). 
  17. ^ Krebs, Gunter. DCAM 1, 2. Gunter's Space Page. [3 August 2010]. 
  18. ^ New Launch Day of Venus Climate Orbiter 'AKATSUKI' (PLANET-C) by H-IIA Launch Vehicle No. 17. JAXA. 18 May 2010 [18 May 2010]. (原始內容存檔於21 May 2010). 
  19. ^ Expectation of Space-Track as of 24 June [1].
  20. ^ 宮下研究室 小型人工衛星班 最新情報. 21 May 2010 [21 May 2010] (日語). 
  21. ^ あかつき相乗り衛星「ハヤト」分離に歓声 鹿児島大. msn sankei news. 21 May 2010 [22 May 2010]. (原始內容存檔於24 May 2010) (日語). 
  22. ^ 鹿児島人工衛星(KSAT)8日に大気圏落下か. 373news.com. 9 July 2010 [15 July 2010]. (原始內容存檔於11 July 2010) (日語). 
  23. ^ j小型衛星「ハヤト」、大気圏に突入して消滅へ [The re-entry into micro-satellite "Hayato", to the disappearance]. YOMIURI ONLINE. 8 July 2010 [15 July 2010]. (原始內容存檔於11 July 2010) (日語). 
  24. ^ Negai☆"地上局/創価大学黒木研究室. 24 June 2010 [26 June 2010]. (原始內容存檔於24 May 2010) (日語). 
  25. ^ UNITEC-1 News. UNISEC. 21 May 2010 [22 June 2010]. (原始內容存檔於19 June 2010). 
  26. ^ Latest status (26 May 2010, 3:00 (UTC)). UNITEC-1 Operation Center. 26 May 2010 [27 May 2010]. 
  27. ^ SERVIS-2 to be launched on Rockot. EUROCKOT Launch Services GmbH. (原始內容存檔於22 August 2009). 
  28. ^ SERVIS-2. EUROCKOT Launch Services GmbH. (原始內容存檔於26 August 2009). 
  29. ^ Air Force: SpaceX's Falcon 9 first launch planned for Nov 29. Orlando Sentinel. 22 September 2009. (原始內容存檔於21 March 2010). 
  30. ^ Detailed Mission Data – Falcon-9 ELV First Flight Demonstration. Mission Set Database. NASA GSFC. [4 May 2010]. (原始內容存檔於16 October 2011). 
  31. ^ Detailed Mission Data – Falcon-9 ELV First Flight Demonstration. Mission Set Database. NASA GSFC. [20 May 2010]. (原始內容存檔於16 October 2011). 
  32. ^ 90 Day Range Forecast (PDF). USAF 45th Space Wing. 22 September 2009.  [永久失效連結]
  33. ^ Founder of SpaceX Refutes Report Slamming Safety Standards. Space.com. 22 January 2010 [24 January 2010]. (原始內容存檔於25 January 2010). 
  34. ^ Steven Clark. Falcon Launch Report-Mission Status Center. Spaceflightnow.com. 30 April 2010 [1 May 2010]. (原始內容存檔於30 May 2010). 
  35. ^ SpaceX Launch Manifest. [16 April 2009]. (原始內容存檔於14 April 2009). 
  36. ^ Stephen Clark. Falcon Launch Report | Falcon rocket meets fiery end after three weeks in orbit. Spaceflight Now. 2010-06-28 [2015-09-10]. (原始內容存檔於2 July 2010). 
  37. ^ S. Korea's Naro-1 rocket lifts off from space center. Yonhap News. 10 June 2010 [10 June 2010]. 
  38. ^ sung, s. First-Stage Engine of Naro-1 to Arrive on Weekend. Arirang. 2 March 2010 [2 March 2010]. (原始內容存檔於23 February 2012). 
  39. ^ 我国成功发射"实践十二号卫星". Xinhua. 15 June 2010 [15 June 2010]. (原始內容存檔於18 June 2010) (中文). 
  40. ^ China Sends Research Satellite into Space. CRI English. 15 June 2010 [15 June 2010]. (原始內容存檔於17 June 2010). 
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