鮑魚

鮑魚（英語：abalone、ⁱ/ˈæbəloʊni/或/ˌæbəˈloʊni/；借自西班牙語「abulón」，源自儒姆森語「aulón」）是對軟體動物門腹足綱深海白笠目鮑科中任意一種海洋動物的通用俗稱。該科曾包含六個屬，但現在只包含一個屬，即鮑屬（Haliotis）^[1]。目前全世界公認的鮑魚種類數量在30^[2]到130^[3]個之間，而已描述的物種級分類單元則超過了230個。對該科最全面的統計認為其具有56個有效物種，另有18個亞種^[4]。

在英語中，除了常見的「abalone」之外，鮑魚一詞的其他常用名稱還包括「ear shells」、「sea ears」，以及一些現在較為罕見的用法，比如在澳洲部分地區所使用的「muttonfish」或「muttonshells」，英國所使用的「ormer」、南非的「perlemoen」以及紐西蘭的「pāua」^[5]。

鮑魚殼具有低而開放的螺旋結構，其特點是殼外緣附近有數個連續的開放呼吸孔。殼的厚內層由珍珠層組成，許多種類的珍珠層都呈虹彩，呈現出一系列強烈而多變的顏色，使鮑魚殼成為人們的裝飾品、珠寶和彩色珍珠母的來源。

鮑魚肉被廣泛認為是一種美味佳餚，在各種菜系文化中，人們都會將其生吃或煮熟食用。

參見

參考文獻

^ Gofas, Tran & Bouchet 2014
^ Dauphin et al. 1989，第9頁
^ Cox 1962，第8頁
^ Geiger & Owen 2012^{[頁碼請求]}
^ Beesley, Ross & Wells 1998^{[頁碼請求]}

書目

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Smith, G.; Stamm, C.; Petrovic, F. Haliotis cracherodii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2003, 2003: e.T41880A10566196 [12 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2003.RLTS.T41880A10566196.en . 已忽略未知參數|collaboration= (幫助)
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拓展閱讀

Field, Les. Lomawaima, K. Tsianina , 編. Abalone Tales: Collaborative Explorations of Sovereignty and Identity in Native California. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-8223-4233-5.
Geiger, Daniel L.; Poppe, G. T. A Conchological Iconography: The family Haliotidae. Hackenheim Germany: Conchbooks. 2000.
Pollard, Graham. Abalone Fishing in South Australia (PDF). South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal. 2001, 31 (3) [16 August 2014]. 原始內容存檔於19 August 2014.