大羅城

大羅城（越南語：Đại-la thành）又作羅城（La thành），即今越南河內。大羅城前為宋平縣（Tống-bình huyện）治，是唐代交州的治理中心，又稱紫城（Tử thành），是靜海軍駐地。

歷史

《安南志略》卷一，「大羅城路古交趾，漢仍之，唐置安南都護府。其城在瀘江西岸，唐張伯儀始築，張舟、高駢繼增修之。宋真宗時，郡人李公蘊於此建國」。大羅城又作羅城，在今越南河內一帶，大羅城路的轄境約當河山平省北部、永富省等地。另見《元史》卷六三；《交阯總志》卷一、二；《寰宇通志》卷一一八；《明一統志》卷九０;《越嶠書》卷一、四；《安南圖說》；《明續通考》卷二三五；《四夷廣記》；《東西洋考》卷一；《利病書》卷一一八；《讀史紀》卷一一二；《清一統志》卷四二二，《嘉慶志》卷五五三。

宋朝大中祥符三年（越南李朝順天元年，1010年），大瞿越皇帝李太祖以為都城華閭地方狹窄，於是決定遷都。由於大羅城居於區域中心，地勢較高而險要，氣候乾爽，面積寬闊，交通與居住也很便利，自然成了不二選擇^[1]。根據《大越史記全書》的記載，李太祖乘龍舟來到大羅城下之時，忽然在龍舟旁邊出現了一條黃龍。群臣認為是大吉之兆，李太祖遂將大羅城改名為昇龍^[2]（Thăng-long）。

況高王故都大羅城。宅天地區域之中。得龍蟠虎踞之勢。正南北東西之位。便江山向背之宜。其地廣而坦平。厥土高而爽塏。民居蔑昏墊之困。萬物極繁阜之豐。遍覽越邦。斯爲勝地。誠四方輻輳之要會。爲萬世帝王之上都。
——遷都詔

參見

注釋

^ Bá Đang Nguyễn, Vũ Phương Nguyễn, Hoàng Vân Tạ Traditional Vietnamese architecture 2004 Page 122 "HA NOI CITADEL or to 1010 AD, the Ha Noi area already had a citadel, named Đại La which was built by the Chinese Governor. Later King Ly Thai To, the founder of the Ly dynasty, built a new citadel on the foundations of Đại La which ...
^ Viet Nam social sciences Ủy ban khoa học xã hội Việt Nam - 2008 4/6 - Page 15 "The outer rampart: An earth rampart was raised in 1014, then rebuilt in 1078 and named Đại La Citadel. The name Đại La appeared many times in the historical chronicles, in 1078, 1154, 1165, 1170, 1230 and 1243."

大越史記全書：東京大學東洋研究所，1986
Ai khai sinh thành Đại La（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

[1] Bá Đang Nguyễn, Vũ Phương Nguyễn, Hoàng Vân Tạ Traditional Vietnamese architecture 2004 Page 122 "HA NOI CITADEL or to 1010 AD, the Ha Noi area already had a citadel, named Đại La which was built by the Chinese Governor. Later King Ly Thai To, the founder of the Ly dynasty, built a new citadel on the foundations of Đại La which ...

[2] Viet Nam social sciences Ủy ban khoa học xã hội Việt Nam - 2008 4/6 - Page 15 "The outer rampart: An earth rampart was raised in 1014, then rebuilt in 1078 and named Đại La Citadel. The name Đại La appeared many times in the historical chronicles, in 1078, 1154, 1165, 1170, 1230 and 1243."

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