跳至內容

人類季刊

維基百科,自由的百科全書
人類季刊
學科人類學
語言英文
出版資訊
出版者
阿爾斯特社會研究所(英國)
標準縮寫
ISO 4Mank. Q. Monogr.
索引
CODENMAQUE6
ISSN0893-4649
LCCNsf89030002
OCLC 編號149980257

《人類季刊》是一個偽科學期刊,內容涵蓋體質人類學文化人類學, 包括人類演化智力人種學語言學神話學考古學生物學。它被描述為「科學種族主義建制的基石」、「白人優越主義期刊」[1][2][3][4]和「宣揚種族不平等的偽學術渠道」[5][6][7] 《人類季刊》由白人民族主義組織人類多元性基金會(Human Diversity Foundation)出版[8]

歷史

[編輯]

該雜誌於1960年在種族隔離主義者的資助下創辦,旨在成為種族隔離主義者表達其觀點的喉舌。創刊費用由先鋒基金會的威克利夫·德雷珀 (Wickliffe Draper)支付[9][10]。 創始人為Robert Gayre 、 Henry Garrett 、 Roger Pearson 、 Corrado GiniLuigi Gedda (榮譽顧問委員會)[11]、Otmar von Verschuer和Reginald Ruggles Gates。另一位早期編輯是赫伯特·查爾斯·桑伯恩(Herbert Charles Sanborn)[12],他在1921年至1942年曾擔任美國范德堡大學哲學與心理學系主任。該雜志最初於蘇格蘭愛丁堡由國際民族學和優生學促進會出版,該協會由德雷珀創立,旨在推廣優生學和科學種族主義[9]

該期刊的創立是為了回應聯合國教科文組織的一條宣言,該宣言否定種族作為生物學有效概念,並且呼籲結束美國南部種族隔離[10][13][11]

1961年,體質人類學家胡安·科馬斯 (Juan Comas)發表了一系列嚴厲批評該期刊的文章,他認為該期刊打著科學的幌子來傳播北歐主義反猶太主義等已不足信的種族意識形態[14][15] 。1963年,在該期刊創刊第一期後,撰稿人UR Ehrenfels 、TN Madan和Juan Comas表示,該期刊的編輯行爲存在偏見和誤導性[16]。該期刊發表了一系列針對科馬斯的反駁和攻擊作爲回應[17]。科馬斯在《當代人類學》雜誌上指出,該期刊發表A.詹姆斯·格雷戈爾對科馬斯的《種族神話》一書的評論是出於政治動機。科馬斯聲稱該期刊通過堅持過時的種族意識形態歪曲了體質人類學領域,例如聲稱當時的種族生物學家認為猶太人是一個「生物種族」。其他人類學家抱怨說,那些與編輯委員會的種族意識形態不一致的段落在未經作者同意的情況下就從發表的文章中刪除了[16][13] :163–164[18]

很少有專業學術的人類學家願意在該期刊上發表文章或擔任其董事會成員;Gates去世後,有人請同情該期刊觀點的人類學家卡爾頓·S·庫恩 (Carleton S. Coon)接替他,但他拒絕了這一提議,並表示「我擔心,對於一名專業人類學家來說,接受你們董事會的成員資格將是死亡之吻」[來源請求]。該期刊在資助資金的支持下繼續出版。出版商羅傑·皮爾遜(Roger Pearson)在1980年代和1990年代從先鋒基金會獲得了超過一百萬美元的資助[6][19][20]

在1990年代的「鐘形曲線戰爭」期間,這本期刊受到了很大的關注,因爲《鐘形曲線》的反對者公開了這樣一個事實:《鐘形曲線》作者理察·赫恩斯坦和查爾斯·默里所引用的一些著作最早曾發表在《人類季刊》上[6]。在《紐約書評》中,查爾斯·萊恩 (Charles Lane) 提到了《鐘形曲線》的「污染來源」,書中引用的參考書目中的17位研究人員曾為《人類季刊》撰寫過文章,其中10人甚至也曾擔任該雜誌的編輯。 《人類季刊》是「一份臭名昭著的『種族歷史』雜誌,由那些相信白種人基因優越性的人創辦和資助[21]。」

該期刊自2015年1月起由阿爾斯特社會研究所(Ulster Institute for Social Research)出版,出版職責從羅傑·皮爾遜的社會和經濟研究委員會(該委員會自1979年起出版該期刊)轉移而來[22]

編輯

[編輯]

截至2023年 (2023-Missing required parameter 1=month!),雜志主編為Gerhard Meisenberg[23]。之前的編輯包括 Roger Pearson,[24] Edward Dutton, 和理察·林恩[25]

發行商

[編輯]

《人類季刊》由阿爾斯特社會研究所出版,該研究所由理察·林恩擔任主席,直至 2023 年去世。[26][25]

自2024年起, 《人類季刊》由丹麥極右翼活動家埃米爾·柯克加德(Emil Kirkegaard)創立的白人民族主義人類多樣性基金會出版。[8]該基金會還出版《Aporia》雜誌。[8]

白人至上主義者、 OpenPsych雜誌創始人埃米爾·柯克加德在2017年至2023年2月期間是《人類季刊》網站的註冊人,此後WHOIS信息被匿名化[27][28]。2024年2月,柯克加德在美國懷俄明註冊成立了人類出版社有限責任公司 (Mankind Publishing House LLC)。[28]

評論

[編輯]

《人類季刊》被描述為「科學種族主義建制的基石」、「白人至上主義雜誌」[29] 、「臭名昭著的種族主義雜誌」和「科學種族主義的火焰守護者」[6]。該雜誌被批評為過於政治化和強烈的右傾,支持優生學[30],種族主義或法西斯主義[31][32]

摘要和索引

[編輯]

該期刊的文摘和索引收錄於:

參見

[編輯]
  • 智力雜誌 (Intelligence)
  • 歷史評論雜誌
  • 社會、政治和經濟研究雜誌
  • 新人類學
  • 西方季刊
  • 開放心理學
  • 心理學

參考

[編輯]
  1. ^ Bastek, Stephanie. Junk Science. The American Scholar. 9 August 2019. 
  2. ^ Saini, Angela. Why race science is on the rise again. The Guardian. : 18 May 2019. 
  3. ^ Bothwell, Ellie. UCL launches investigation into secret eugenics conference. Times Higher Education. 11 January 2018. 
  4. ^ Gresson, Aaron; Kincheloe, Joe L.; Steinberg, Shirley R. (編). Measured Lies: The Bell Curve Examined 1st St. Martin's Griffin. St. Martin's Press. 14 March 1997: 39. ISBN 978-0-312-17228-2. 
  5. ^ Jackson Jr., John P.; Winston, Andrew S. The Mythical Taboo on Race and Intelligence需要付費訂閱. Review of General Psychology. 7 October 2020, 25 (1): 3–26. S2CID 225143131. doi:10.1177/1089268020953622. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Tucker, William H. The funding of scientific racism: Wickliffe Draper and the Pioneer Fund. University of Illinois Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-252-07463-9.  引用錯誤:帶有name屬性「Tucker2002」的<ref>標籤用不同內容定義了多次
  7. ^ Winston, Andrew S. Scientific Racism and North American Psychology. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology. 29 May 2020. ISBN 978-0-19-023655-7. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.516. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Shukman, Harry; Hermansson, Patrik. Race Science Inc. Undercover in The Human Diversity Foundation, the million-dollar race science company. Hope Not Hate. 2024. (原始內容存檔於October 16, 2024) (英國英語). HDF has incorporated the Pioneer Fund’s old operations. In private conversations with our infiltrator, HDF leaders said 「we have」 Mankind Quarterly. On an internal slide deck prepared by the company, Mankind Quarterly was similarly listed as part of HDF’s operations... The team aims to slip papers into academic journals with higher impact and circulation than their own publications. If unable to do so, HDF will publish the group’s papers in their print journal Mankind Quarterly or the OpenPsych website, which has been described as 「a pseudoscience factory-farm」.  引用錯誤:帶有name屬性「Shukman 2024」的<ref>標籤用不同內容定義了多次
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Schaffer, G. Racial Science and British Society, 1930-62. Springer. 2 September 2008: 142–3. ISBN 9780230582446 (英語). 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Schaffer, Gavin. "'Scientific' Racism Again?": Reginald Gates, the "Mankind Quarterly" and the Question of "Race" in Science after the Second World War. Journal of American Studies. 2007, 41 (2): 253–278. JSTOR 27557994. S2CID 145322934. doi:10.1017/S0021875807003477. The Mankind Quarterly was designed as an objective foil to the folly of UNESCO and "post-racial" science. Schaffer, Gavin (2007). ""'Scientific' Racism Again?": Reginald Gates, the "Mankind Quarterly" and the Question of "Race" in Science after the Second World War". Journal of American Studies. 41 (2): 253–278. doi:10.1017/S0021875807003477. JSTOR 27557994. S2CID 145322934. The Mankind Quarterly was designed as an objective foil to the folly of UNESCO and "post-racial" science. 引用錯誤:帶有name屬性「Schaffer」的<ref>標籤用不同內容定義了多次
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Cassata F. Against UNESCO: Gedda, Gini and American scientific racism. Med Secoli. 2008, 20 (3): 907–935. PMID 19848223. Cassata F (2008). "Against UNESCO: Gedda, Gini and American scientific racism". Med Secoli. 20 (3): 907–935. PMID 19848223. 引用錯誤:帶有name屬性「cassata」的<ref>標籤用不同內容定義了多次
  12. ^ History and Philosophy. Mankind Quarterly. [22 September 2015]. (原始內容存檔於9 April 2015) –透過Internet Archive. 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Jackson, John P. Science for Segregation: Race, Law, and the Case against Brown v. Board of Education有限度免費查閱,超限則需付費訂閱. NYU Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-8147-4271-6. While the IAAEE scientists were deep into the fight to preserve racial segregation in the American South, they were also involved in a battle on a different front. They had launched their own journal, Mankind Quarterly, which purported to be dedicated to an open discussion of the scientific study of racial issues. Jackson, John P. (2005). Science for Segregation: Race, Law, and the Case against Brown v. Board of Education. NYU Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-4271-6. While the IAAEE scientists were deep into the fight to preserve racial segregation in the American South, they were also involved in a battle on a different front. They had launched their own journal, Mankind Quarterly, which purported to be dedicated to an open discussion of the scientific study of racial issues.:148 引用錯誤:帶有name屬性「Jackson2005」的<ref>標籤用不同內容定義了多次
  14. ^ Comas Juan. "Scientific" Racism Again?. Current Anthropology. 1961, 2 (4): 303–340. S2CID 144747308. doi:10.1086/200208. 
  15. ^ Comas Juan. More on "Scientific" Racism. Current Anthropology. 1962, 3 (3): 284–302. S2CID 144911990. doi:10.1086/200293. 
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 Ehrenfels, U. R.; Madan, T. N.; Comas, J. Mankind Quarterly Under Heavy Criticism: 3 Comments on Editorial Practices. Current Anthropology. 1962, 3 (2): 154–158. JSTOR 2739528. S2CID 143606207. doi:10.1086/200265. 
  17. ^ Gates, R. R. & Gregor, A. J. Mankind Quarterly: Gates and Gregor Reply to Critics. Current Anthropology. 1963, 4 (1): 119–121. JSTOR 2739826. S2CID 144086425. doi:10.1086/200345. 
  18. ^ Harrison G. Ainsworth. The Mankind Quarterly. Man. 1961, 61: 163–164. JSTOR 2796948. doi:10.2307/2796948. 
  19. ^ Mehler, Barry (7 July 1998). Race Science and the Pioneer Fund 網際網路檔案館存檔,存檔日期17 June 2016. Originally published as "The Funding of the Science" in Searchlight, No. 277.
  20. ^ Genoves, Santiago. Racism and "The Mankind Quarterly". Science. 8 December 1961, 134 (3493): 1928–1932. Bibcode:1961Sci...134.1928G. ISSN 1095-9203. PMID 17831127. doi:10.1126/science.134.3493.1928 (英語). 
  21. ^ Weyher, Harry F.; Lane, Charles. 'The Bell Curve' and Its Sources. The New York Review of Books. 2 February 1995. 
  22. ^ Editorial Panel, Mankind Quarterly, [19 September 2023] .
  23. ^ Mankind Quarterly - About. 1 April 2023 [2024-01-23]. (原始內容存檔於1 April 2023). 
  24. ^ Schaffer, Gavin. "'Scientific' Racism Again?":1 Reginald Gates, the Mankind Quarterly and the Question of "Race" in Science after the Second World War需要付費訂閱. Journal of American Studies. 2007-07-05, 41 (2): 253–278. ISSN 1469-5154. S2CID 145322934. doi:10.1017/S0021875807003477 (英語). 
  25. ^ 25.0 25.1 Obituaries, Telegraph. Richard Lynn, evolutionary psychologist who declared his belief in the benefits of eugenics – obituary. The Telegraph. 31 August 2023 [2024-01-23]. ISSN 0307-1235 –透過www.telegraph.co.uk. Obituaries, Telegraph (31 August 2023). "Richard Lynn, evolutionary psychologist who declared his belief in the benefits of eugenics – obituary". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 23 January 2024 – via www.telegraph.co.uk. 引用錯誤:帶有name屬性「telegraph」的<ref>標籤用不同內容定義了多次
  26. ^ Home Page. Ulster Institute for Social Research. [4 September 2022]. (原始內容存檔於29 March 2022). 
  27. ^ Wilson, Jason. Scientist cited in push to oust Harvard's Claudine Gay has links to eugenicists. The Guardian. 2024. (原始內容存檔於May 29, 2024) (英國英語). 
  28. ^ 28.0 28.1 Wolfson, Leo. White Supremacist Who Wants Legal Child Porn Doing Business Through Wyoming LLC. Cowboy State Daily. 2024. (原始內容存檔於May 24, 2024) (英國英語). 
  29. ^ Gresson, Aaron; Kincheloe, Joe L.; Steinberg, Shirley R. (編). Measured Lies: The Bell Curve Examined 1st St. Martin's Griffin. St. Martin's Press. 14 March 1997: 39. ISBN 978-0-312-17228-2. 
  30. ^ Mehler, Barry. Foundation for fascism: The new eugenics movement in the United States. Patterns of Prejudice. December 1989, 23 (4): 17–25. doi:10.1080/0031322X.1989.9970026. 
  31. ^ Schaffer, Gavin. Racial science and British society, 1930–62. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 2008. 
  32. ^ Gelb, Steven A. Heart of Darkness: The Discreet Charm of the Hereditarian Psychologist. The Review of Education/Pedagogy/Cultural Studies. 1997, 19 (1): 129–139. doi:10.1080/1071441970190110. 
  33. ^ Title and Product Update Lists. ATLA Religion Database. American Theological Library Association. [4 January 2019]. 
  34. ^ 34.0 34.1 34.2 Mankind Quarterly. MIAR: Information Matrix for the Analysis of Journals. University of Barcelona. [4 January 2019]. 
  35. ^ Source details: Mankind Quarterly. Scopus preview. Elsevier. [4 January 2019]. 

外部連結

[編輯]