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维基百科，自由的百科全书

这是国会金质奖章得主列表。国会金质奖章是美国最高的平民荣誉，由美国国会颁发。

大陆会议金质奖章得主

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得主 批准日期 法案 备注 奖章
乔治·华盛顿 1776年3月25日 大陆会议 纪念其领导波士顿，成为第一座脱离英国殖民的大城市。之后领导大陆军取得北美独立战争的胜利(1775–1783)。奖章在1790年3月21日授予华盛顿，现藏于波士顿公共博物馆。[1]
霍雷肖·盖茨少将 1777年11月4日 大陆会议 在萨拉托加战役取得大捷。
安东尼·韦恩少将 1779年7月26日 大陆会议 斯托尼波恩特战役的指挥官。
亨利·李三世少校 1779年9月24日 大陆会议 保卢斯胡克战役的指挥官。独立战争期间唯一一位以非将军身份的奖章得主。
丹尼尔·摩根准将 1781年3月9日 大陆会议 考彭斯战役的指挥官。1836年国会通过法案(5 Stat. 66)授权重新制造一枚奖章来取代原先遗失的奖章，并赠予丹尼尔·摩根的直接继承人摩根·内维尔
纳瑟内尔·格林少将 1781年10月29日 大陆会议 尤托斯普林斯战役的指挥官。
约翰·保罗·琼斯 1787年10月16日 大陆会议 “为了表彰他（在弗兰伯勒角战役中）的勇气和杰出奉献”。琼斯是第一位也是唯一一位在独立战争期间获得该荣誉的大陆军海军军官。[2]

美国国会金质奖章得主

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20世纪前

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得主 批准日期 法案 备注 奖章
托马斯·特鲁斯顿舰长 1800年3月29日 2 Stat. 87[3] 星座号护卫舰和法国复仇号护卫舰冲突期间的指挥官。
爱德华·普雷布尔准将 1805年3月3日 2 Stat. 346–347 表彰其在1804年第一次巴巴里战争期间进攻的黎波里。


艾萨克·赫尔舰长
史蒂芬·迪凯特舰长
雅各布·琼斯舰长		 1813年1月29日 2 Stat. 830 表彰他们在1812年战争期间抵抗英军勇士号、马其顿号和欢乐号战舰。银质的奖章复制品奖励给了他们同舰的委任军官。


威廉·班布里奇舰长 1813年3月3日 2 Stat. 831 宪法号护卫舰攻下英国爪哇号护卫舰时的指挥官。银质的奖章复制品奖励给了他同舰的委任军官。奖章现藏于宪法号博物馆。
奥利弗·哈泽德·佩里舰长
杰西·埃利奥特舰长		 1814年1月6日 3 Stat. 141 取得伊利湖战役的胜利。银质的奖章复制品奖励给了他们同舰的委任军官。
威廉·沃特·伯罗斯二世中尉
威廉·麦考尔中尉		 1814年1月6日 3 Stat. 141–142 表彰他们攻下英军拳击手号。追授给伯罗斯中尉，其在这次行动中牺牲。银质的奖章复制品奖励给了他们同舰的委任军官。
詹姆士·劳伦斯舰长 1814年1月11日 3 Stat. 142 追授其在击沉英军孔雀号行动中的牺牲。银质的奖章复制品奖励给了他同舰的委任军官。
托马斯·麦克道诺舰长
罗伯特·亨利舰长
史蒂芬·卡辛中尉		 1814年10月20日 3 Stat. 245–246 尚普兰湖战役的英雄
刘易斯·沃林顿舰长 1814年10月21日 3 Stat. 246 表彰其攻下英军雀鹰号。银质的奖章复制品奖励给了他同舰的委任军官。
约翰斯顿·布莱克利舰长 1814年11月3日 3 Stat. 246–247 表彰其击沉英军驯鹿号。银质的奖章复制品奖励给了他同舰的委任军官。For capture of HMS Reindeer. Silver duplicates awarded to his commissioned officers on board.
雅各布·布朗将军 1814年11月3日 3 Stat. 247 奇珀瓦、尼加拉瓜、伊利堡战役的指挥官
温菲尔德·斯科特将军 1814年11月3日
1848年3月9月		 3 Stat. 247
9 Stat. 333
彼得·比尔·波特将军
Brigadier General以利亚撒里普利
Colonel James Miller		 November 3, 1814 3 Stat. 247 For their actions at the battles of Chippawa, Niagara, and Erie
Major General Edmund P. Gaines November 3, 1814 3 Stat. 247 For his actions on 15 August 1814 at the Battle of Erie (now known as the Siege of Fort Erie)
Major General Alexander Macomb November 3, 1814 3 Stat. 247 For his actions on 11 September 1814 at The Battle of Plattsburgh
Major General Andrew Jackson February 27, 1815 3 Stat. 249 For the defense of New Orleans
Captain Charles Stewart February 22, 1816 3 Stat. 341 For the capture of HMS Cyane and HMS Levant. Silver medals awarded to his commissioned officers on board.
Captain James Biddle February 22, 1816 3 Stat. 341 For the capture of HMS Penguin. Silver medals awarded to his commissioned officers on board.
Major General William Henry Harrison and
Governor Isaac Shelby		 April 4, 1818 3 Stat. 476 Victors of the Battle of the Thames
File:George Croghan.jpg
 Colonel George Croghan February 13, 1835 4 Stat. 792 For the defense of Fort Stephenson
Major General Zachary Taylor July 16, 1846
March 2, 1847
May 9, 1848		 9 Stat. 111
9 Stat. 206
9 Stat. 334-335		 Only individual to be awarded three times[4]
Rescuers of the Officers and Crew of the U.S. Brig Somers March 3, 1847 9 Stat. 208 Awarded to officers and men of French, British, and Spanish ships who rescued officers and men of the Somers during the Mexican-American War.
Commander Duncan Ingraham August 4, 1854 10 Stat. 594–595 For his role in the Koszta Affair
Frederick Rose (surgeon) May 11, 1858 11 Stat. 369 First time a Congressional Gold Medal was given to any non-member of the US military.[5]
Major General Ulysses S. Grant December 17, 1863 13 Stat. 399 For gallantry and good conduct of himself and his troops in battles of the rebellion. The medal is currently possessed by the Smithsonian.
Cornelius Vanderbilt January 28, 1864 13 Stat. 401 For donating his steamship Vanderbilt to the Union
Captain Robert Creighton
Captain Edwin J. Low
Captain George C. Stouffer		 July 26, 1866 14 Stat. 365–366 For rescuing "about 500" Americans from the wreck of the steamship San Francisco
Cyrus West Field March 2, 1867 14 Stat. 574 For establishing the first Transatlantic telegraph cable
George Peabody March 16, 1867 15 Stat. 20 For giving $2,000,000 for the promotion of education in the more destitute portions of the southern and southwestern States.
George F. Robinson March 1, 1871 16 Stat. 704
Captain Jared Crandall and Others February 24, 1873 17 Stat. 638 For rescue operations involving the steamer Metis. Statute does not specifically call for gold medals to the ten individuals cited (including Crandall), instead leaves it to the discretion of the President. Unclear if any were gold.
John Horn, Jr. June 20, 1874
April 28, 1904		 18 Stat. 573
33 Stat. 1684–1685		 Noted lifesaver. 1904 medal was a re-issue of the earlier award, which Horn claimed had been stolen. Customarily, the Secretary of the Treasury had issued duplicate medals upon the submission of absolute proof that showed the originals had been irrecoverably lost or destroyed. Since such proof was absent in Horn's case, congressional approval was necessary before the medal could be replaced.[6]
John Fox Slater John Fox Slater February 5, 1883 22 Stat. 636 United States philanthropist known for assisting in the education of emancipated African American slaves.
Joseph Francis Joseph Francis August 27, 1888 25 Stat. 1249 Inventor of life-saving tools. The medal is currently possessed by the Smithsonian.
File:Joseph Francis Congressional Gold Medal.jpg
 Chief Engineer George Wallace Melville and Others September 30, 1890 26 Stat. 552–553 To commemorate the perils encountered during the Jeannette Expedition. 8 gold and 25 silver medals were struck, in decoration form, suspended from a ribbon.[7][8]
First Lieutenant Frank H. Newcomb May 3, 1900 31 Stat. 716 For heroism as commanding officer of USRC Hudson during the Battle of Cardenas, 1898. The officers and men of Hudson received silver and bronze versions of the gold medal.

20世纪

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得主 批准日期 法案 备注 奖章
First Lieutenant David H. Jarvis, Second Lieutenant Ellsworth P. Bertholf and Dr. Samuel J. Call June 28, 1902 32 Stat. 492 Participants in the Overland Relief Expedition of 1897–98
Orville and Wilbur Wright March 4, 1909 35 Stat. 1627
亚瑟·罗斯特龙船长 1912年7月6日 37 Stat. 639 喀尔巴阡号的船长，冒着可能危及自身邮轮的风险营救了泰坦尼克号沉船的幸存者。
Captain Paul H. Kreibohm and others March 19, 1914 38 Stat. 769 For participation in the rescue of passengers and crew of the SS Volturno
Domicio da Gama, Rómulo Sebastián Naón, and Eduardo Suárez Mujica March 4, 1915 38 Stat. 1228
查尔斯·林德伯格 1928年5月4日 45 Stat. 490 表彰其通过单人自纽约不着陆飞行至巴黎对航空导航作出的贡献。
Lincoln Ellsworth, Roald Amundsen, and Umberto Nobile May 29, 1928 45 Stat. 2026–2027
Thomas Edison May 29, 1928 45 Stat. 1012
First Successful Trans-Atlantic Flight February 9, 1929 45 Stat. 1158 See also NC-4 Medal
Major Walter Reed and Associates for Yellow Fever Experimentations in Cuba February 28, 1929 45 Stat. 1409–1410 Also see Walter Reed Medal
Officers and Men of the Byrd Antarctic Expedition May 23, 1930 46 Stat. 379 81 people connected with the expedition were awarded medals: 65 were awarded gold, seven received silver medals, and nine received bronze.[9]
Lincoln Ellsworth June 16, 1936 49 Stat. 2324
George Cohan June 29, 1936 49 Stat. 2371
Mrs. Richard Aldrich and Anna Bouligny June 20, 1938 52 Stat. 1365 "Gold medals were given to Mrs. Richard Aldrich and Anna Bouligny some four decades after they served wounded soldiers in Puerto Rico. As part of their 'outstanding, unselfish, and wholly voluntary service,' they set up and worked in hospitals 'for the care and treatment of military patients in Puerto Rico' during the War with Spain. Mrs. Aldrich and Ms. Bouligny 'voluntarily went to Puerto Rico and there rendered service of inestimable value to the Army of the United States in the establishment and operation of hospitals.'"[10]
Howard Hughes August 7, 1939 53 Stat. 1525
Reverend Francis X. Quinn August 10, 1939 53 Stat. 1533 Pastor of the Church of the Guardian Angel in New York City. Honored for risking his life in persuading a gunman holding an elderly couple hostage to surrender to police.[11]
威廉·辛诺特（英语：William Sinnott） 1940年6月15日 54 Stat. 1283 表彰其在1933年2月的刺杀未遂中保护了候任总统富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福。
Roland Boucher January 20, 1942 56 Stat. 1099–1100 11-year-old Roland Boucher made national headlines in saving five playmates who fell through the ice of Lake Champlain. No one of his age had been awarded a medal until the young victims of the 16th Street Baptist church bombing were honored in 2013.[12]
Members of the United States Antarctic Expedition of 1939-1941 September 24, 1945 P.L. 79-185, 59 Stat. 536 "The Secretary of the Navy is authorized and directed to cause to be made at the United States mint such number of gold, silver, and bronze medals of appropriate design as he may deem appropriate and necessary, to be presented to members of the United States Antarctic Expedition of 1939-1941, in recognition of their valuable services to the Nation in the field of polar exploration and science." — P.L. 79-185[N 1] also see United States Antarctic Expedition Medal
George Catlett Marshall, General of the Army, and Fleet Admiral Ernest Joseph King March 22, 1946 60 Stat. 1134–1135
John J. Pershing, General of the Armies of the United States August 7, 1946 60 Stat. 1297–1298
Brigadier General Billy Mitchell August 8, 1946 60 Stat. 1319
Vice President Alben W. Barkley August 12, 1949 P.L. 81-221, 63 Stat. 599
Irving Berlin July 16, 1954 P.L. 83-536, 68 Stat. A120
Doctor Jonas Salk 1955年8月9日 P.L. 84-297, 69 Stat. 589 In recognition of his discovery of a serum for the prevention of poliomyelitis
在世的美国内战老兵 1956年7月18日 P.L. 84-730, 70 Stat. 577 "This medal was awarded about 90 years after the Civil War ended. At the time, there were only four veterans of that war known to still be alive. The medal honored the last surviving veterans 'who served in the Union or the Confederate forces.'"[13]
Rear Admiral Hyman Rickover August 28, 1958 P.L. 85-826, 72 Stat. 985 "In recognition of successfully directing the development and construction of the world's first nuclear-powered ships and the first large-scale nuclear power reactor devoted exclusively to the production of electricity" — P.L. 85-826
Doctor Robert Goddard September 16, 1959 P.L. 86-277, 73 Stat. 562-563 "In recognition of his pioneering research on space rockets, missiles, and jet propulsion" (awarded posthumously) — P.L. 86-277
Robert Frost September 13, 1960 P.L. 86-747, 74 Stat. 883 "In recognition of his poetry, which enriched the culture of the United States and the philosophy of the world." — P.L. 86-747
Doctor Thomas Anthony Dooley III May 27, 1961 P.L. 87-42, 75 Stat. 87
Bob Hope June 8, 1962 P.L. 87-478, 76 Stat. 93
Sam Rayburn
Sam Rayburn
 Sam Rayburn, Speaker of the House of Representatives September 26, 1962 P.L. 87-478, 76 Stat. 605
Douglas MacArthur, General of the Army October 9, 1962 P.L. 87-760, 76 Stat. 760
华特·迪士尼 1968年5月24日 P.L. 90-316, 82 Stat. 130–131 以表彰其对娱乐产业的杰出贡献，美国和世界文化得以从中受益。
温斯顿·丘吉尔爵士 1969年5月7日 P.L. 91-12, 83 Stat. 8–9 以纪念密苏里州富尔顿威斯敏斯特学院的温斯顿·丘吉尔纪念馆暨图书馆落成。国会将奖章颁发给丘吉尔的遗孀，同时将制作奖章的模具破坏后（为了防止复制）赠予博物馆用于展示。
罗伯托·克莱门特 1973年5月14日 P.L. 93-33, 87 Stat. 71 美国向多位知名的体坛明星颁发过国会金质奖章，当中就包括荣登棒球名人堂，土生土长的波多黎各人罗伯托·克莱门特。
Marian Anderson March 8, 1977 P.L. 95-9, 91 Stat. 19 "Marian Anderson was a world-famous singer who was often treated unfairly. The medal honors her 'highly distinguished and impressive career.' She helped the arts to advance in this country and throughout the world, helped world peace through her performances, her recordings, and her work as United States delegate to the United Nations."[14]
Lieutenant General Ira Eaker October 10, 1978 P.L. 95-438, 92 Stat. 1060
罗伯特·肯尼迪 1978年11月1日 P.L. 95-560, 92 Stat. 2142 For distinguished and dedicated service to the people of the United States during his career in government.
约翰·韦恩 1979年5月26日 P.L. 96-15, 93 Stat. 32 表彰其杰出的演员生涯和对国家做出的贡献。—PL 96-15
Ben Abruzzo, Maxie Anderson, and Larry Newman June 13, 1979 P.L. 96-20, 93 Stat. 45 Awarded for the first manned balloon crossing of the Atlantic ocean in the Double Eagle II
Hubert Humphrey June 13, 1979 P.L. 96-91, 93 Stat. 46 Presented to Mrs. Hubert H. Humphrey, "in recognition of the distinguished and dedicated service which her late husband gave to the Government and to the people of the United States."
美国红十字会 1979年12月12日 P.L. 96-138, 93 Stat. 1063 以表彰该组织对美国人民无私和人道的服务。
肯尼斯·D·泰勒（英语：Kenneth D. Taylor）大使 1980年3月6日 P.L. 96-201, 94 Stat. 79 Canadian Ambassador to Iran who was instrumental in the rescue of American diplomatic staff during the Iran Hostage Crisis, this event became commonly known as the Canadian Caper; he's also a recipient of the Order of Canada.
西蒙·维森塔尔 1980年3月17日 P.L. 96-211, 94 Stat. 101 Presented in "recognition of his contribution to international justice through the documentation and location of war criminals from World War II."
1980年夏季奥林匹克运动会美国代表团 1980年7月8日 P.L. 96-306 94 Stat. 937 表彰1980年夏季奥林匹克运动会美国代表团的运动员，因苏阿战争，美国抵制该届奥运会，他们放弃了前往莫斯科的参赛机会。由于获奖人数众多，国会授权美国铸币局铸造镀金的奖章代替标准的纯金奖章。[15]众议院执事在2007年确认这批镀金奖章也属于正式的国会金质奖章。[16]
贝娅特丽克丝女王 1982年3月22日 P.L. 97-158, 96 Stat. 18–19 以纪念1982年荷兰和美国建立外交和贸易关系二百周年。
Admiral Hyman Rickover (second time) June 23, 1982 P.L. 97-201, 96 Stat. 126–127
Fred Waring August 26, 1982 P.L. 97-246, 96 Stat. 315–316
Joe Louis August 26, 1982 P.L. 97-246, 96 Stat. 315–316
Louis L'Amour August 26, 1982 P.L. 97-246, 96 Stat. 315–316
里奥·瑞恩 1983年11月18日 P.L. 98-159, 97 Stat. 992 1978年11月18日，众议员瑞恩在圭亚那调查美国邪教首领吉姆·琼斯营地的虐待指控时被杀害。瑞恩逝世五年后被追授奖章，他是第一位因公殉职的国会议员。[17]
File:Early photo of Danny Thomas.JPG
 丹尼·托马斯 1983年11月29日 P.L. 98-172, 97 Stat. 1119–1120
哈里·S·杜鲁门 1984年5月8日 P.L. 98-278, 98 Stat. 173–175
小瓢虫·约翰逊 1984年5月8日 P.L. 98-278, 98 Stat. 173–175
埃利·维瑟尔 1984年5月8日 P.L. 98-278, 98 Stat. 173–175
Roy Wilkins 1984年5月17日 P.L. 98-285, 98 Stat. 186
乔治·格什温和艾拉·格什温 1985年8月9日 P.L. 99-86, 99 Stat. 288–289 表彰他们对美国音乐、戏剧和文化的贡献。
Natan Sharansky and Avital Shcharansky May 13, 1986 P.L. 99-298, 100 Stat. 432–433
Harry Chapin May 20, 1986 P.L. 99-311, 100 Stat. 464
阿隆·科普兰 September 23, 1986 美国联邦公法第99–418号, Stat. 952–953 表彰其对美国音乐创作做出了无与伦比的贡献。
Mary Lasker December 24, 1987 美国联邦公法第100–210号,
101 Stat. 1441
杰西·欧文斯 1988年9月20日 美国联邦公法第100–437号,
102 Stat. 1717
Andrew Wyeth November 9, 1988 美国联邦公法第100–639号,
102 Stat. 3331–3332
Laurance Rockefeller May 17, 1990 美国联邦公法第101–296号,
104 Stat. 197–199
General Matthew Ridgway November 5, 1990 美国联邦公法第101–510号,
104 Stat. 1720–1721
陆军上将诺曼·施瓦茨科夫 1991年4月23日 美国联邦公法第102–32号,
105 Stat. 175–176 		表彰其在协调美国和多国联军解放科威特行动的模范表现。
陆军上将科林·鲍威尔 1991年4月23日 美国联邦公法第102–33号,
105 Stat. 177–178 		表彰其在伊拉克入侵科威特时部署和协调美国的军事回应的模范表现。
The Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson November 2, 1994 美国联邦公法第103–457号,
108 Stat. 4799–4800
锺路得和葛培理 February 13, 1996 美国联邦公法第104–111号,
110 Stat. 772–773 		表彰二人为种族平等、慈善和宗教等领域的长期贡献。
法兰·仙纳杜拉 1997年5月14日 美国联邦公法第105–14号,
111 Stat. 32–33
Mother Teresa June 2, 1997 美国联邦公法第105–16号,
111 Stat. 35–36
普世牧首巴尔多禄茂一世 1997年10月6日 美国联邦公法第105–51号,
111 Stat. 117-1171 		In recognition of his outstanding and enduring contributions to peace and religious understanding.
纳尔逊·曼德拉 1998年7月29日 美国联邦公法第105–215号,
112 Stat. 895–896 		表彰其致力于废除种族隔离，促进南非人民之间的和解。
小石城九人 1998年10月21日 美国联邦公法第105–277号,
112 Stat. 2681-597 		"To Jean Brown Trickey, Carlotta Walls LaNier, Melba Patillo Beals, Terrence Roberts, Gloria Ray Karlmark, Thelma Mothershed Wair, Ernest Green, Elizabeth Eckford, and Jefferson Thoma...in recognition of the selfless heroism such individuals exhibited and the pain they suffered in the cause of civil rights by integrating Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas." — P.L. 105-277
杰拉尔德·福特和贝蒂·福特 1998年10月21日 美国联邦公法第105–277号,
112 Stat. 2681-598 		"In recognition of their dedicated public service and outstanding humanitarian contributions to the people of the United States." — P.L. 105-277
罗莎·帕克斯 1999年5月4日 美国联邦公法第106–26号,
113 Stat. 50–51 		帕克斯在公交巴士上无视不公的种族隔离法，从而引发联合抵制蒙哥马利公车运动，这是美国民权运动早期获得的胜利。
Theodore Hesburgh December 9, 1999 美国联邦公法第106–153号,
113 Stat. 1733–1734
John Joseph O'Connor March 3, 2000 美国联邦公法第106–175号,
114 Stat. 20–21		 "To John Cardinal O'Connor, Archbishop of New York, in recognition of his accomplishments as a priest, a chaplain, and a humanitarian." — P.L. 106-175
查尔斯·舒兹 2000年6月20日 美国联邦公法第106–225号,
114 Stat. 457–458 		“我们国家十分亏欠查尔斯·舒兹。他的漫画作品改变了美国文化，愉悦了数百万美国人的生活。今天的仪式是我们国家以切实的方式感谢一位真正伟大的美国人。”——美国参议院黛安·范士丹，法案的提案人。[18]
教宗若望保禄二世 2000年7月27日 美国联邦公法第106–250号,
114 Stat. 622–623 		众议院议长丹尼斯·哈斯特尔特和众议员乔·莫克利（英语：Joe Moakley）率领一支美国国会代表团，于2001年1月8日将国会金质奖章办法给若望保禄二世。[19]
罗纳德·里根和南希·里根 2000年7月27日 美国联邦公法第106–251号,
114 Stat. 624–625 		"I am sure that each and every one of you have your own special memory of Ronald and Nancy Reagan. I know I do. Many Americans remember how the Reagan's (sic) sparked a renewal of hope and optimism in a nation that was beginning to lose faith in the American dream. This renewed patriotism will always remain one of their most enduring legacies. Ronald and Nancy Reagan shared a remarkable grace, a rare charm that set both the American public and world leaders at lease." — U.S. Rep. Jim Gibbons, Republican of Nevada, statement made at award ceremony at Rotunda on Capitol Hill.[20]
Navajo Code Talkers December 21, 2000 美国联邦公法第106–554号,
114 Stat. 2763		 "Today, we marked a moment of shared history and shared victory. We recall a story that all Americans can celebrate and every America should know. It is a story of ancient people called to serve in a modern war. It is a story of one unbreakable oral code of the Second World War, messages travelling by field radio on Iwo Jima in the very language heard across the Colorado plateau centuries ago." — statement by President George W. Bush when presenting the award on July 26, 2001 at the Capitol Rotunda to four of the five living original 29 American Navajo code talkers, and relatives of the 24 others.[21]

A gold medal was authorized for each of the original 29 Navajo code talkers or a surviving family member. Silver medals were authorized for anyone who qualified as a Navajo code talker (300+), or a surviving family member.

21世纪

[编辑]
得主 批准日期 法案 备注 奖章
General Hugh Shelton January 16, 2002 美国联邦公法第107–127号,
115 Stat. 2405–2406		 "Throughout his 38 years of service to his country, his ascent through the ranks of the Army, two tours in Vietnam and duty in Operation Desert Storm, Gen. Shelton has carried with him the North Carolina values of service, sacrifice, love of family, faith in God and devotion to country." — U.S. Rep. Bob Etheridge, who helped write the legislation honoring Shelton.[22]
英国首相托尼·布莱尔 2003年7月18日 美国联邦公法第108–60号,
117, Stat. 862–863 		"America has many allies, but as we have seen in recent months, we can count on Great Britain to fulfill the duties of a true friend in tough times. I applaud Tony Blair's extraordinary leadership and his continued support of the United States." — U.S. Rep. Ginny Brown-Waite, sponsor of the bill in the United States House of Representatives.[23]
Jackie Robinson October 29, 2003 美国联邦公法第108–101号,
117 Stat. 1195–1197		 "His story is one that shows what one person can do to hold America to account to its founding promise of freedom and equality. It's a lesson for people coming up to see. One person can make a big difference in setting the tone of this country." — President George W. Bush, on presenting the award to Robinson's widow Rachel Robinson.[24]
Dr. Dorothy Height December 6, 2003 美国联邦公法第108–162号,
117 Stat. 2017		 "She's a woman of enormous accomplishment. She's a friend of first ladies like Eleanor Roosevelt, Hillary Rodham Clinton. She's known every president since Dwight David Eisenhower. She's told every president what she thinks since Dwight David Eisenhower. Truth of the matter is, she was the giant of the civil rights movement." — President George W. Bush, on presenting Height with the award.[25]
Joseph A. DeLaine, Harry & Eliza Briggs, and Levi Pearson December 15, 2003 美国联邦公法第108–180号,
117 Stat. 2645–2647		 The four filed lawsuits in South Carolina which helped lead to Brown v. Board of Education. "These were ordinary citizens who did an extraordinary thing. Their courage and commitment to fight for a better education for their children in Clarendon County, South Carolina, has benefited generations of children nationwide." — Jim Clyburn, Democratic Congressman, helped push the legislation through along with Democratic Senator Ernest Hollings, both of South Carolina.[26]
马丁·路德·金博士和科丽塔·斯科特·金 2004年10月25日 美国联邦公法第108–368号,
118 Stat. 1746-1748 		“金博士有一个和平与平等的梦想，并毕生致力于实现这个梦想。在他短暂但非凡的一生中，金博士为了自由、公正、平等的事业挺身而出。”—来自密歇根州的民主党籍参议员卡尔·列文，在参议院中推动了颁奖法案的通过。[27]
Tuskegee Airmen April 11, 2006 美国联邦公法第109–213号,
120 Stat. 322-325		 "The Tuskegee Airmen were a group of 994 African American pilots who gained fame during WWII for their heroism escorting American bombers in raids over Europe and North Africa. Their distinguished service is credited with influencing President Truman to desegregate the U.S. military." — Congressman Charles B. Rangel, Press Release.[28]

A single gold medal was struck, to be retained by the Smithsonian Institution.
The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso September 27, 2006 美国联邦公法第109–287号, 120 Stat. 1231 In recognition of the Dalai Lama's: "many enduring and outstanding contributions to peace, non-violence, human rights and religious understanding". — (Pub.L. 109-287)[29]
拜伦·尼尔森 2006年10月16日 美国联邦公法第109–357号, 120 Stat. 2044 "The Congressional Gold Medal is given to individuals who exemplify the American spirit by serving their community and helping those less fortunate, which is what Byron Nelson devoted his life to doing. The lives of countless Americans were touched because of the compassion, dedication and generosity of this great Texan." — John Cornyn, Republican Senator from Texas.[30]

“”

诺曼·布劳格博士 2006年12月6日 美国联邦公法第109–395号 120 Stat. 2708 “我们向这位好人致以敬意，最恰当的方式就是接手他毕生的工作，引领第二次绿色革命，哺育世界，今天我们在此承诺。—总统乔治·沃克·布什于国会大厦中央大厅的授奖仪式上的演讲。”[31]
Dr. Michael E. DeBakey October 2, 2007 美国联邦公法第110–95号
121 Stat. 1008		 "Dr. DeBakey’s medical advances have contributed so much to our country and the world. Not only did he perfect the heart transplant procedure which has saved so many lives, but he also invented the M.A.S.H. unit. As a veteran of World War II, he saw our young men dying on the battlefield and was determined to improve medical care to save lives. Dr. DeBakey will receive the Congressional Gold Medal for these lasting contributions." — Kay Bailey Hutchison Republican Senator who introduced the legislation.[32]
昂山舒吉 2008年5月5日 美国联邦公法第110–209号 122 Stat. 721 “对于一位领导了国家争取自由和民主斗争的杰出女性来说，这是一个当之无愧的荣誉。”—米奇·麦康诺，时任参议院共和党领袖，也是颁发奖章给昂山舒吉的提案人。 [33]
Constantino Brumidi July 1, 2008 美国联邦公法第110–259号
122 Stat. 2430		 Presented on July 11, 2012 (posthumously). "'An answer to a prayer' is how the curator for the Architect of the Capitol has described Brumid's arrival in this city at the end of 1854. And rightly so...today the Capitol stands, in my view, as the finest gallery of art in the country. The art here doesn't sit idle on display - every day, it summons the building to life and replenishes the soul of the Congress." — John Boehner, Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, excerpt of remarks made at presentation ceremony at the Rayburn Room of the Capitol[34]
爱德华·布鲁克 2008年7月1日 美国联邦公法第110–260号
122 Stat. 2433 		"In recognition of his unprecedented and enduring service to our Nation." — P.L. 110-260
美国原住民通信兵 2008年10月15日 美国联邦公法第110–420号
122 Stat. 4774 		不同于2000年12月21日仅表彰纳瓦霍部落的通讯兵，此次授奖是表彰全体美国原住民通讯兵。有

To recognize all Native American code talkers not previously awarded on December 21, 2000, a gold medal of individual design to be struck for every tribe that had members who were code talkers in WWI and WWII. The gold medal representing the tribe to be retained by the Smithsonian Institution, with silver duplicates to each individual code talker.

On November 20, 2013, at a ceremony held at Emancipation Hall in the U.S. Capitol Visitor Center, 25 tribes were honored with medals, with an additional 8 tribes honored whose medals had not yet been struck, for a total of 33 tribes that have been so far identified.[35]

See Code Talker Medals
Women Airforce Service Pilots July 1, 2009 美国联邦公法第111–40号
123 Stat. 1958		 "Their motives for wanting to fly airplanes all those years ago wasn't for fame or glory or recognition. They simply had a passion to take what gifts they had and use them to help defend not only America, but the entire free world, from tyranny. And they let no one get in their way." — Lt. Col. Nicole Malachowski, first female pilot in the USAF Thunderbirds, remarks made at presentation ceremony on March 10, 2010 in Emancipation Hall of the U.S. Capitol Visitor Center.[36]

A single gold medal was struck, to be retained by the Smithsonian Institution. At the ceremony, every attending WASP and a family member of a deceased WASP received a bronze duplicate (bronze duplicates are typically made available for sale through the U.S. Mint) financed through donations[37]
File:Congressional Gold Medal WASP.jpg
 尼尔·阿姆斯特朗、
巴兹·奥尔德林、
迈克尔·科林斯、
约翰·格伦 		2009年8月7日 美国联邦公法第111–44号
123 Stat. 1966 		以表彰他们对社会作出的巨大贡献。

"We stand on the shoulders of the extraordinary men we recognize today...Those of us who have had the privilege to fly in space followed the trail they forged...When, 50 years ago this year, President Kennedy challenged the nation to reach the moon, to 'take longer strides' toward a 'great new American enterprise,' these men were the human face of those words...From Mercury and Gemini, on through our landings on the Moon in the Apollo Program, their actions unfolded the will of a nation for the greater achievement of humankind." — Charles F. Bolden, Jr., Administrator of NASA, excerpt of remarks made at presentation ceremony November 16, 2011 at the Rotunda on Capitol Hill.[38]
Arnold Palmer September 30, 2009 美国联邦公法第111–65号
123 Stat. 2003		 In recognition of his service to the Nation in promoting excellence and good sportsmanship.

"Arnold Palmer is a legend both on and off the golf course...His impact on players, tournaments, fans, sponsors, sports television, volunteers and perhaps most importantly on communities where he worked, lived and competed cannot be measured but is deeply felt and will continue have a tremendous impact for generations." — PGA Tour Commissioner Tim Finchem[39]
Muhammad Yunus October 5, 2010 美国联邦公法第111–253号
124 Stat. 2635		 "Professor Yunus set out to do what may be the biggest thing of all, and that is liberating people to seek a better life. And not just any people, but men and women who had only known misery, who had been told they were no good." — John Boehner, Speaker of the House of Representatives, excerpt of remarks made at presentation ceremony April 17, 2013 at the Rotunda on Capitol Hill.[40]
100th Infantry Battalion, the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, and the Military Intelligence Service October 8, 2010 美国联邦公法第111–254号
124 Stat. 2637		 In recognition of their dedicated service during World War II.

A single gold medal was struck, and it was first presented collectively at a ceremony at the U.S Capitol Visitor Center on November 2, 2011. The medal will tour various museums in conjunction with further presentation ceremonies and then be put on permanent display at the Smithsonian Institution[41]
Montford Point Marines November 23, 2011 美国联邦公法第112–59号
125 Stat. 749		 In recognition of their personal sacrifice and service to their country.

A single gold medal was struck, and was presented collectively on June 27, 2012 in Emancipation Hall at the U.S. Capitol Visitor Center. The following day, in a ceremony at Marine Barracks, every attending Montford Point Marine and a family member of a deceased Montford Point Marine was presented with a bronze duplicate (bronze duplicates are typically available for sale through the U.S. Mint) financed through donations.[42]
纪念在2001年9月11日针对美国的恐怖袭击中丧生的人们 2011年12月23日 美国联邦公法第112–76号
125 Stat. 1275 		共铸造了三枚奖章，分别给予宾夕法尼亚州的联合航空93号国家纪念馆、纽约市的九一一国家纪念博物馆和位于五角大楼的五角大楼纪念园（英语：Pentagon Memorial），奖章将在这些纪念场所作永久展示。

拉乌尔·瓦伦贝格 2012年7月26日 美国联邦公法第112–148号
126 Stat. 1140 		“以表彰其在纳粹大屠杀期间的成就及壮举。”——联邦公法第112–148号
Addie Mae Collins, Denise McNair, Carole Robertson, and Cynthia Wesley May 24, 2013 美国联邦公法第113–11号 Congressional gold medal award to victims of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing (H.R. 360; 113th Congress)
First Special Service Force July 12, 2013 美国联邦公法第113–16号 Granted collectively in recognition of its superior service during World War II.[43]
参与杜立特空袭的成员 2014年5月23日 美国联邦公法第113–106号 “向参与二战‘杜立特空袭’的成员授予国会金质奖章，以表彰他们出色的英雄气概、勇气、技能和轰炸东京为美国作出的贡献。”
American Flying aces May 23, 2014 美国联邦公法第113–105号 "To award a Congressional Gold Medal to the American Fighter Aces, collectively, in recognition of their heroic military service and defense of our country's freedom throughout the history of aviation warfare."
Members of the Civil Air Patrol May 30, 2014 美国联邦公法第113–108号 Honoring the services of over 200,000 Civil Air Patrol volunteers during World War II.[44]
以色列总统希蒙·佩雷斯 2014年6月9日 美国联邦公法第113–114号 “希蒙·佩雷斯光荣地为以色列服务七十余载，在此期间，他为美国的国家利益做出重大贡献，并为构建美以两国强大、牢不可破的关系上发挥了关键作用。”[45]
"Monuments Men" June 9, 2014 美国联邦公法第113–116号 "In recognition of their heroic role in the preservation, protection, and restitution of monuments, works of art, and artifacts of cultural importance during and following World War II."
65th Infantry Regiment June 10, 2014 美国联邦公法第113–120号 The 65th Infantry is the first Hispanic military unit, and the first unit of the Korean War, to be awarded the Congressional Gold Medal.[46]
Jack Nicklaus December 16, 2014 美国联邦公法第113–210号 http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/golf/2015/03/24/jack-nicklaus-congressional-gold-medal/70344756/
Selma to Montgomery marchers March 7, 2015 美国联邦公法第114–5号 "To the Foot Soldiers who participated in Bloody Sunday, Turnaround Tuesday, or the final Selma to Montgomery Voting Rights March in March of 1965, which served as a catalyst for the Voting Rights Act of 1965."
菲律宾裔二战老兵Filipino World War II Veterans 2016年12月14日 美国联邦公法第114–265号 Senate Bill 1555 was introduced by Senator Mazie K. Hirono (HI) and the House companion bill was introduced by Representative Tulsi Gabbard (HI-02). https://www.hirono.senate.gov/press-releases/hirono-gabbard-bill-to-award-filipino-veterans-congressional-gold-medal-signed-into-law
鲍勃·多尔 2017年9月15日 美国联邦公法第115–60号 表彰其作为士兵、立法者、政治家对国家的贡献。
安瓦尔·萨达特 2018年12月13日 Pub. L. 115–310
安瓦尔·萨达特百年诞辰纪念法案 		将国会金质奖章颁发给安瓦尔·萨达特，表彰他对中东和平作出英勇成就和贡献。
Larry Doby December 17, 2018 Pub. L. 115–322 In recognition of his achievements and contributions to American major league athletics, civil rights, and the Armed Forces during World War II.
Chinese-American soldier training at Fort Knox, Kentucky
 第二次世界大战华裔美国老兵 2018年12月20日 Pub. L. 115–337 In recognition of their dedicated service during World War II.
The crew of the USS Indianapolis December 20, 2018 Pub. L. 115–338 In recognition of their perseverance, bravery, and service to the United States. To be given to the Indiana War Memorial Museum in Indianapolis, Indiana for appropriate display.
Steve Gleason January 3, 2019 Pub. L. 115–415 "Following his diagnosis, Steve, with the loving support of his wife, Michel, began a mission to show that patients can not only live but thrive after a diagnosis of ALS and established The Gleason Initiative Foundation also known simply as 'Team Gleason'."

Gleason is the first NFL player to receive the award.[47]

凯瑟琳·强森 2019年11月8日 Pub. L. 116-68 表彰其作为数学家为美国作出的贡献。
克里斯汀·达登 2019年11月8日 Pub. L. 116-68 表彰她作为一名航空工程师为美国做出的贡献。
多萝西·沃恩 2019年11月8日 Pub. L. 116-68 表彰其在太空竞赛期间为美国作出的贡献。
玛丽·杰克逊 2019年11月8日 Pub. L. 116-68 表彰其在太空竞赛期间为美国作出的贡献。
Unnamed recipients November 8, 2019 Pub. L. 116-68 In recognition of all the women who served as computers, mathematicians, and engineers at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) between the 1930s and the 1970s.
麦瑞尔突击队 2020年10月17日 Pub. L. 116–170 In recognition of their bravery and outstanding service in the jungles of Burma (Myanmar) during World War II.
格雷格·莱蒙德 2020年12月4日 Pub. L. 116–208 以表彰其作为运动员、活动家、道德模范和社区领袖对国家的贡献。
美国国会警察和首都警察局警官 2021年8月5日 Pub. L. 117-32 以表彰执法部门在2021年1月6日对国会的保护。
第369步兵团 2021年8月25日 Pub. L. 117-38 In recognition of the regiment, commonly known as the Harlem Hellfighters, for their bravery and outstanding service during World War I.
在哈米德·卡尔扎伊国际机场牺牲的13名士兵 2021年12月16日 Pub. L. 117-72 In recognition for going above and beyond the call of duty to protect citizens of the United States and our allies to ensure they are brought to safety in an extremely dangerous situation as the Taliban regained control over Afghanistan and exemplified extreme bravery and valor against armed enemy combatants. Servicemembers listed: Maxton Soviak, Kareem Nikoui, David Espinoza, Rylee McCollum, Jared Schmitz, Hunter Lopez, Taylor Hoover, Daegan William-Tyeler Page, Nicole Gee, Humberto Sanchez, Dylan Merola, Johanny Rosario Pichardo, and Ryan Knauss.
Willie O'Ree January 31, 2022 Pub. L. 117-84 In recognition of his extraordinary contributions and commitment to hockey, inclusion, and recreational opportunity.
The 23rd Headquarters Special Troops and the 3133rd Signal Services Company February 1, 2022 Pub. L. 117-85 The "Ghost Army," a 1,100-man WW II U.S. Army tactical deception unit officially known as the 23rd Headquarters Special Troops, saved between 20,000 and 30,000 Allied lives.[48] Their activity was kept secret for more than 40-years, until it was declassified in 1996.[49]
The 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion March 14, 2022 Pub. L. 117-97 All-female, all-black battalion deployed during World War Two who sorted mail in England and France; includes Romay Davis[50]
第二次世界大站期间的商船队 2022年5月19日 [1] 商船队向五大洲运输了1500万吨战争物资，也作为美国军队的一部分，向陷入战争的外国运送物资和人员。二战期间，商船队成员的阵亡率高于其他的军事部门。
Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley January 5, 2023 Pub. L. 117-334 To "honor the legacy of Emmett Till and the incredible suffering and equally incredible courage, resilience, and efforts of Mamie Till-Mobley that led to the civil rights movement that began in the 1950s."[51]

参见

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注释

[编辑]
  1. ^ It is unclear if the gold version is considered a Congressional Gold Medal as this award is not listed on the artandhistory.house.gov webpage for recipients, nor is it listed in the Congressional Research Service report (see "Sources"). Compare to 1930 awards of 1st Byrd Expedition.

参考文献

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  1. ^ We Are One: Mapping America’s Road from Revolution to Independence. Boston Public Library. [September 13, 2015]. 
  2. ^ A Congressional Gold Medal to Captain John Paul Jones. history.house.gov. [September 14, 2015]. 
  3. ^ http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llac&fileName=010/llac010.db&recNum=312
  4. ^ Future President Zachary Taylor’s unprecedented three Congressional Gold Medals. artandhistory.house.gov. [2014-03-14]. 
  5. ^ Congressional Record - 109th Congress (2005-2006). Library of Congress. [3 August 2010]. 
  6. ^ The first time Congress replaced a Congressional Gold Medal. artandhistory.house.gov. [2014-03-23]. 
  7. ^ Julian, R.W. Jeannette Medal Honors Arctic Seamen. Numismaster.com. [30 August 2015]. 
  8. ^ Medals for the Jeannette Expediton. The Army and Navy Journal. October 15, 1892, 30 (8): 117. 
  9. ^ Congressional Gold, Silver, and Bronze Medals awarded to the members of Rear Admiral Richard Byrd’s first Antarctic expedition. artandhistory.house.gov. [2012-09-09]. 
  10. ^ Mrs. Richard Aldrich and Anna Bouligny on U.S. Mint H.I.P. Pocket Change website Retrieved 2012-09-20
  11. ^ Stathis, Stephen W. Congressional Gold Medals, 1776-2008 (PDF). Congressional Research Service: 10. July 15, 2008. 
  12. ^ The Youngest Congressional Gold Medal Recipient, 11-year-old Roland Boucher. history.house.gov/. [20 August 2015]. 
  13. ^ Surviving Veterans of the War Between the States on US Mint H.I.P Pocket Change website Retrieved 2012-09-21
  14. ^ Marian Anderson on US Mint H.I.P Pocket Change website Retrieved 2012-09-21
  15. ^ The 1980 Congressional Gold Medal awarded to the U.S. Summer Olympic Team. artandhistory.house.gov. [2012-09-11]. 
  16. ^ Congressional Medals Awarded to 1980 Olympians Officially Honored. News & Notes (USATF). December 17, 2007, 8 (97) [2016-08-08]. 
  17. ^ Representative Leo Ryan of California. artandhistory.house.gov. [2014-03-23]. 
  18. ^ Staff (Press Release). Charles M. Schulz Honored with Congressional Gold Medal: Schulz family members to accept award on behalf of famed PEANUTS comic strip writer. News from Senator Dianne Feinstein of California (feinstein.senate.gov). 2001-06-07 [2008-12-04]. 
  19. ^ Staff. Congress bestows Gold Medal on Pope.(John Paul II). Catholic Insight. 2001-03-01. 
  20. ^ CNN. Ronald, Nancy Reagan Presented With Congressional Gold Medal. CNN Live Event/Special (Time Warner). May 16, 2002 [2008-12-04]. 
  21. ^ CNN. President Bush Honors World War II Navajo Code Talkers Receiving Congressional Gold Medal. CNN Live Event/Special (Time Warner). July 26, 2001 [2008-12-04]. 
  22. ^ DeNardo, Christina; Associated Press. Congressional Gold Medal: Patriotism embodied. The Fayetteville Observer. September 20, 2002. 
  23. ^ Solochek, Jeffrey S. Brown-Waite backs bill to give Tony Blair congressional medal. St. Petersburg Times (www.sptimes.com). April 2, 2003 [2008-12-03]. 
  24. ^ Associated Press. Robinson awarded Congressional gold medal. ESPN (ESPN Internet Ventures). March 2, 2005 [2008-12-03]. 
  25. ^ Associated Press. Dorothy Height awarded Congressional Gold Medal. USA Today (Gannett Co. Inc). March 24, 2004 [2008-11-26]. 
  26. ^ Associated Press. Four from South Carolina to receive U.S. medal of honor. South Carolina News (WCNC-TV). August 18, 2004 [2008-11-26]. （原始内容存档于November 13, 2004）. 
  27. ^ Staff. Senate passes bill to honor Rev. King and Coretta Scott King with a gold medal. Jet. October 11, 2004. 
  28. ^ Rangel, Charles B. Tuskegee Airmen Gold Medal Signed Into Law. Press Release (United States House of Representatives). April 11, 2006 [2008-11-26]. 
  29. ^ Kaufman, Stephen. Dalai Lama Receives Congressional Gold Medal: Congressman says leader seeks Tibetan autonomy in China, not independence. America.gov: Telling America's Story (www.america.gov). October 17, 2007 [2008-11-26]. 
  30. ^ Staff. Senate approves medal for Nelson. CNN (Time Warner). September 28, 2006 [2008-11-26]. 
  31. ^ Sanner, Ann (Associated Press). Scientist Gets Medal for Fighting Hunger. The Washington Post (The Washington Post Company). 2007-07-17 [2008-11-26]. 
  32. ^ Hutchison, Kay Bailey. Sen. Hutchison’s Bill to Award Dr. DeBakey the Congressional Gold Medal Passes Congress: Hutchison’s Bill will Award Highest Congressional Civilian Honor to Dr. DeBakey. Press Release (United States Senate). October 2, 2007 [2008-11-26]. 
  33. ^ Schor, Elana. Burmese detainee receives US honor. The Guardian (Guardian News and Media Limited). April 25, 2008 [2008-11-26]. 
  34. ^ Speaker Boehner Presents Gold Medal Honoring Constantino Brumidi. speaker.gov. [2012-09-13]. 
  35. ^ Treasury and Mint Join Congress to Honor Native American Code Talkers. treasury.gov. [2015-09-12]. 
  36. ^ WASP awarded Congressional Gold Medal. af.mil. [2016-04-24]. 
  37. ^ Recognition Due. Military Officer Magazine (June 2010). [2012-09-14]. 
  38. ^ NASA Legends Awarded Congressional Gold Medal. nasa.gov. [2012-09-10]. 
  39. ^ Arnold Palmer receives Congressional Gold Medal. PGA Tour. September 12, 2012 [September 12, 2012]. 
  40. ^ US Congress Presents Gold Medal to Professor Muhammad Yunus. April 17, 2013 [April 23, 2013]. 
  41. ^ Smithsonian Announces Seven-City Tour of Congressional Gold Medal Awarded to Japanese American World War II Veterans. newsdesk.si.edu. [2012-09-13]. 
  42. ^ Montford Point Marine Association website. montfordpointmarines.com. [2012-09-14]. 
  43. ^ Congressional Gold Medal granted to First Special Service Force
  44. ^ Congressional Gold Medal honors Civil Air Patrol’s World War II service. af.mil. 
  45. ^ Bill Text 113th Congress (2013-2014)
  46. ^ Obama honors Puerto Rican Infantry Regiment with Congressional Gold Medal, Washington Post, June 10, 2014.
  47. ^ Steve Gleason officially awarded Congressional Gold Medal. ESPN.com. January 3, 2020 [August 7, 2019]. Gleason is the first NFL player to receive a Congressional Gold Medal. 
  48. ^ 1st Hqs, Special Troops. nasaa-home.org. [21 January 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-05）. 
  49. ^ Garber, Megan. Ghost Army: The Inflatable Tanks That Fooled Hitler. The Atlantic. 22 May 2013 [23 May 2013]. 
  50. ^ Free, Cathy. She joined the only Black female unit sent overseas in WWII. Now 102, she's the oldest living member.. Washington Post. March 23, 2022 [2022-09-12]. ISSN 0190-8286 （美国英语）. 
  51. ^ Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley Congressional Gold Medal Act of 2021: Text. Congress.gov. [2023-01-14]. 

外部链接

[编辑]
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