40S核糖体亚基

真核小核糖体亚基（英文：Eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit）又称40S核糖体亚基（40S ribosomal subunit），是80S核糖体的较小亚基，该核糖体的另一成分是60S核糖体亚基。“40S”和“60S”的名称源于核糖体颗粒根据其沉降系数以Svedberg单位表示。它在结构和功能上与70S原核核糖体的30S核糖体亚基有关。^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]但是，40S亚基比原核30S亚基大得多，并且包含许多其他蛋白质片段以及rRNA扩展片段。

功能

40S亚基包含一个解码中心，该中心监控tRNA和mRNA在蛋白质转译中的互补性。它是包括43S和48S前起始复合体（PIC）的几种转译起始复合体的最大组成部分，与多种真核起始因子如eIF1、eIF1A和eIF3结合。^[6]

参见

60S核糖体亚基

参考资料

^ 医学主题词表（MeSH）：40S+Ribosomal+Subunits
^ Rabl, J; Leibundgut, M; Ataide, SF; Haag, A; Ban, N. Crystal structure of the eukaryotic 40S ribosomal subunit in complex with initiation factor 1. Science. Feb 2011, 331 (6018): 730–736. PMID 21205638. doi:10.1126/science.1198308. hdl:20.500.11850/153130 .
^ Ben-Shem, A; Garreau; de Loubresse, N; Melnikov, S; Jenner, L; Yusupova, G; Yusupov, M. The structure of the eukaryotic ribosome at 3.0 Å resolution. Science. Dec 2011, 334 (6062): 1524–1529. PMID 22096102. doi:10.1126/science.1212642.
^ Wimberly, BT; Brodersen, DE; Clemons, WM Jr; Morgan-Warren, RJ; Carter, AP; Vonrhein, C; Hartsch, T; Ramakrishnan, V. Structure of the 30S ribosomal subunit. Nature. Sep 2000, 407 (6802): 327–339. PMID 11014182. doi:10.1038/35030006.
^ Schmeing, TM; Ramakrishnan, V. What recent ribosome structures have revealed about the mechanism of translation. Nature. Oct 2009, 461 (7268): 1234–1242. PMID 19838167. doi:10.1038/nature08403.
^ Aitken, Colin E.; Lorsch, Jon R. A mechanistic overview of translation initiation in eukaryotes. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 2012, 19 (6): 568–576. PMID 22664984. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2303.

外部链接

Ribosomal Protein Gene Database (RPG) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[1] 医学主题词表（MeSH）：40S+Ribosomal+Subunits

[Rabl-2] Rabl, J; Leibundgut, M; Ataide, SF; Haag, A; Ban, N. Crystal structure of the eukaryotic 40S ribosomal subunit in complex with initiation factor 1. Science. Feb 2011, 331 (6018): 730–736. PMID 21205638. doi:10.1126/science.1198308. hdl:20.500.11850/153130 .

[Ben-Shem-3] Ben-Shem, A; Garreau; de Loubresse, N; Melnikov, S; Jenner, L; Yusupova, G; Yusupov, M. The structure of the eukaryotic ribosome at 3.0 Å resolution. Science. Dec 2011, 334 (6062): 1524–1529. PMID 22096102. doi:10.1126/science.1212642.

[4] Wimberly, BT; Brodersen, DE; Clemons, WM Jr; Morgan-Warren, RJ; Carter, AP; Vonrhein, C; Hartsch, T; Ramakrishnan, V. Structure of the 30S ribosomal subunit. Nature. Sep 2000, 407 (6802): 327–339. PMID 11014182. doi:10.1038/35030006.

[Schmeing-5] Schmeing, TM; Ramakrishnan, V. What recent ribosome structures have revealed about the mechanism of translation. Nature. Oct 2009, 461 (7268): 1234–1242. PMID 19838167. doi:10.1038/nature08403.

[Aitken-6] Aitken, Colin E.; Lorsch, Jon R. A mechanistic overview of translation initiation in eukaryotes. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 2012, 19 (6): 568–576. PMID 22664984. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2303.

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