旋角牛
旋角牛
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|---|---|
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| 旋角牛的角 | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲： | 哺乳纲 Mammalia |
| 目： | 偶蹄目 Artiodactyla |
| 科： | 牛科 Bovidae |
| 亚科： | 牛亚科 Bovinae |
| 族： | 牛族 Bovini |
| 属： | 旋角牛属 Pseudonovibos |
| 种： | 旋角牛 P. spiralis
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| 二名法 | |
| Pseudonovibos spiralis | |
旋角牛（学名：Pseudonovibos spiralis）是柬埔寨及越南的一种牛科动物，也是旋角牛属的唯一已知物种，由于实证不足，其真实性至今存疑。
特征
[编辑]旋角牛最初被认为是像牛的动物，有着一对长约45厘米及扭曲的角，身上有斑点。
名称
[编辑]旋角牛的柬埔寨名字“kting voar”最初被西方译为“丛林绵羊”，故被误会是一种与羊有关的动物。这个柬埔寨名字事实上是“角像藤一般的野牛”。由于混淆，越南曾有报告称牠们在当地的为名字“羚羊”，但其实那是当地人对鬣羚的称呼。
旋角牛的学名“Pseudonovibos spiralis”并不有效，因为其完模标本其实是一只家牛，而此学名的字面意思正好是“有旋角的伪家牛”。
争议
[编辑]最初支持旋角牛存在的证据是沃尔夫冈·皮特（Wolfgang Peter）在胡志明市市场购来的一些角。[1] 皮特认为这些角属于一个新的物种。[2]
由于没有解剖资料，旋角牛的种系发生学地位不明。皮特等人建议将旋角牛分类到羚羊族中[1]，但从形态分析却指牠们应属于牛族[3][4][5]，更有学者认为是羊族。[6]遗传学分析却造成了更混淆的结果。[7][8][9][10] 不过这些DNA明显是受到了污染。[11][12][13] 所有相信是属于旋角牛及用来进行DNA测试的标本，其实都是人工制成的家牛牛角。[12][14]
怀疑者都认为旋角牛只是传说的动物，但也有学者认为传说的本身可能代表着一种野生牛族的存在。[5][15] 若后者是真的，旋角牛应是十分濒危或甚至已经灭绝。
参考
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Peter, W.P., Feiler, A. Horns of an unknown bovid species from Vietnam (Mammalia: Ruminantia). Faun. Abh. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden. 1994a, 19: 247–53.
- ^ Peter, W.P., Feiler, A. A new bovid species from Vietnam and Cambodia (Mammalia: Ruminantia). Zool. Abh. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden. 1994b, 48: 169–76.
- ^ Dioli M. A clarification about the morphology of the horns of the female kouprey: a new unknown bovid species from Cambodia. Mammalia. 1995, 59: 663–7.
- ^ Dioli, M. Notes on the morphology of the horns of a new artiodactyl mammal from Cambodia: Pseudonovibos spiralis. J. Zool. (Lond.). 1997, 241: 527–31.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Timm, R.M. & Brandt, J.H. Pseudonovibos spiralis (Artiodactyla: Bovidae): new information on this enigmatic South-east Asian ox. J. Zool., Lond. 2001, 253: 157–66.
- ^ Nadler, T. Was ist Pseudonovibos spiralis?. Zool. Garten N.F. 1997, 67: 290–2.
- ^ Hammer, S.E., Suchentrunk, F., Tiedemann, R., Hartl, G.B., Feiler, A. Mitochondrial DNA sequence relationships of the newly described enigmatic Vietnamese bovid, Pseudonovibos spiralis. Naturwissenschaften. 1999, 86: 279–80.
- ^ Kuznetsov, G.V., Kulikov, E.E., Petrov, N.B., Ivanova, N.V., Lomov, A.A., Kholodova, M.V., Poltaraus, A.B. The "linh duong" Pseudonovibos spiralis (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) is a new buffalo. Naturwissenschaften. 2001a, 88: 123–5.
- ^ Kuznetsov, G.V., Kulikov, E.E., Petrov, N.B., Ivanova, N.V., Lomov, A.A., Kholodova, M.V., Poltaraus, A.B. Taxonomic status and phylogenetic relations of the new genus and species Pseudonovibos spiralis W.P. Peter, A. Feiler, 1994 (Artiodactyla, Bovidae). Zoologičeskij Žurnal. 2001b, 80 (11): 1395–403.
- ^ Kuznetsov, G.V., Kulikov, E.E., Petrov, N.B., Ivanova, N.V., Lomov, A.A., Kholodova, M.V., Poltaraus, A.B. Mitochondrial 12S rDNA sequence relationships suggest that the enigmatic bovid "linh duong" Pseudonovibos spiralis is closely related to buffalo. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2002, 23 (1): 91–4.
- ^ Hassanin, A., Douzery, E. Is the newly described bovid, Pseudonovibos spiralis, a chamois (genus Rupicapra)?. Naturwissenschaften. 2000, 87: 122–4.
- ^ 12.0 12.1 Hassanin, A. Ancient specimens and DNA contamination: a case study from the 12S rRNA gene sequence of the "linh duong" bovid (Pseudonovibos spiralis). Naturwissenschaften. 2002, 89: 107–10.
- ^ Olson, L. E. and Hassanin A. Contamination and chimerism are perpetuating the legend of the snake-eating cow with twisted horns (Pseudonovibos spiralis): A case study of the pitfalls of ancient DNA. Mol. Phylogenetics. Evol. 2003, 27 (2): 545–8.
- ^ Hassanin, A., Seveau, A., Thomas, H., Bocherens, H., Billiou, D. and Nguyen, B.X. Evidence from DNA that the mysterious 'linh duong' (Pseudonovibos spiralis) is not a new bovid. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Série III Sciences de la Vie. 2001, 324: 71–80.
- ^ Brandt, J. H., Dioli, M., Hassanin, A., Melville, R. A., Olson, L. E., Seveau, A., and Timm, R. M. Debate on the authenticity of Pseudonovibos spiralis as a new species of wild bovid from Vietnam and Cambodia. Journal of Zoology. 2001, 255: 437–44.
