奥地利受害者理论
外观
奥地利受害者理论是一种主张,即所有奥地利人,包括阿道夫·希特勒的拥趸,都是受纳粹政权逼迫的受害者,因此不用为纳粹罪行承担责任。1938年的德奥合并是纳粹德国对奥地利的军事侵略。奥地利的独立国家地位就此被打断,因此,摆脱纳粹德国统治后的奥地利不能也不应该为纳粹的罪行承担任何责任。奥地利人在同盟国军事占领奥地利以及奥地利第二共和国时期形成了这个理论[1]。
参考文献
[编辑]- Poltavsky, M. A. Дипломатия империализма и малые страны Европы. Moscow: Международные отношения. 1973 (俄语).
- Полтавский, М. А. Дипломатия империализма и малые страны Европы. Moscow: Международные отношения. 1973 (俄语).
- Art, D. The Politics of the Nazi Past in Germany and Austria. Cambridge University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-1-139-44883-3.
- Bailer-Galanda, Brigitte. They Were All Victims: The Selective Treatment of the Consequences of National Socialism. Austrian Historical Memory and National Identity. Transactionpublishers. 1997: 103–115. ISBN 978-1-4128-1769-1.
- Bailer, B. Restitution and Compensation of Property in Austria 1945-2007. New Perspectives on Austrians and World War II (Austrian Studies vol.I). Transactionpublishers. 2011: 306–340. ISBN 978-1-4128-1556-7.
- Bekes, C.; et al. Soviet Occupation of Romania, Hungary, and Austria 1944/45–1948/49. Central European University Press. 2015. ISBN 978-963-386-075-5.
- Berg, M. P. Challenging Political History in Postwar Austria: Veterans' Associations, Identity and the Problem of Contemporary History. Central European History. 1997, 30: 513–544. S2CID 143090676. doi:10.1017/s0008938900015648.
- Berger, T. War, Guilt, and World Politics after World War II. Cambridge University Press. 2012. ISBN 978-1-139-51087-5.
- Bischof, G. Victims? Perpetrators? "Punching Bags" of European Historical Memory? The Austrians and Their World War II Legacies. German Studies Review. 2004, 27 (1): 17–32. JSTOR 1433546. doi:10.2307/1433546.
- Bischof, Günter; Pelinka, Anton. Austrian historical memory & national identity. Transaction Publishers. 1997. ISBN 978-1-56000-902-3.
- Bukey, E. B. Hitler's Austria: Popular Sentiment in the Nazi Era, 1938–1945. University of North Carolina Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-8078-5363-4.
- Bukey, E. B. Hitler's Hometown under Nazi Rule: Linz, Austria, 1938-45. Central European History. 1983, 16 (2): 171–186. S2CID 145742746. doi:10.1017/s0008938900013285.
- Deak, I. Political Justice in Austria and Hungary after World War Two. Ed. J. Elster (编). Retribution and Reparation in the Transition to Democracy. Cambridge University Press. 2006: 124–147. ISBN 978-1-107-32053-6.
- Embacher, H.; Ecker, M. A Nation of Victims. The Politics of War Trauma: The Aftermath of World War II in Eleven European Countries. Amsterdam University Press. 2010: 15–48. ISBN 978-90-5260-371-1.
- Karn, A. Amending the Past: Europe's Holocaust Commissions and the Right to History. University of Wisconsin Press. 2015. ISBN 978-0-299-30554-3.
- Kansteiner, W. Sold globally – remembered locally: Holocaust Cinema. Narrating the Nation: Representations in History, Media, and the Arts. Berghahn Books. 2008: 153–180. ISBN 978-0-85745-412-6.
- Keyserlingk, R. Austria in World War II: An Anglo-American Dilemma. McGill-Queen's Press. 1990. ISBN 978-0-7735-0800-2.
- Knight, R. Denazification and Integration in the Austrian Province of Carinthia. The Journal of Modern History. 2007, 79 (3): 572–612. JSTOR 10.1086/517982. S2CID 143508858. doi:10.1086/517982.
- Korostelina, K. History Education in the Formation of Social Identity. Palgrave Macmillan. 2013. ISBN 978-1-137-37476-9.
- Monod, D. Settling Scores: German Music, Denazification, and the Americans, 1945–1953. University of North Carolina Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8078-7644-2.
- Niederacher, S. The Myth of Austria as Nazi Victim, the Emigrants and the Discipline of Exile Studies. Austrian Studies. 2003,. 11. 'Hitler's First Victim'? Memory and Representation in Post-War Austria: 14–32. JSTOR 27944674. S2CID 245849342. doi:10.1353/aus.2003.0024.
- Pelinka, A. The Great Austrian Taboo: The Repression of the Civil War. New German Critique. 1988, (43): 69–82. JSTOR 488398. doi:10.2307/488398.
- Pelinka, A. The Second Republics Reconstruction of History. Austrian Historical Memory and National Identity. Transactionpublishers. 1997: 95–103. ISBN 978-1-4128-1769-1.
- Pelinka, A. SPO, OVP and the New Ehemaligen. Ed. F. Parkinson (编). Conquering the Past: Austrian Nazism Yesterday & Today. Wayne State University Press. 1989: 245–256. ISBN 978-0-8143-2054-9.
- Pick, Hella. Guilty Victims: Austria from the Holocaust to Haider. I. B. Tauris. 2000. ISBN 978-1-86064-618-8.
- Polaschek, M. Austrian and British trials over massacres of Jews at the end of World War II. Bischof, Günter; Pelinka, Anton; Gehler, Michael (编). Austria in the European Union. Contemporary Austrian studies. Routledge. 2002: 298–308. ISBN 978-1-4128-1764-6.
- Riedlsperger, M. E. FPO: Liberal or Nazi?. Ed. F. Parkinson (编). Conquering the Past: Austrian Nazism Yesterday & Today. Wayne State University Press. 1989: 257–278. ISBN 978-0-8143-2054-9.
- Riekmann, S. The Politics of Aufgrenzung, the Nazi Past and the European Dimension of the New Radical Right in Austria. Contemporary Austrian Studies: The Vranitzky Era in Austria. Transactionpublishers. 1999: 78–105. ISBN 978-1-4128-4113-9.
|issue=
被忽略 (帮助) - Ritter, H. Austria and the Struggle for German Identity. German Studies Review. 1992, 15: 111–129. JSTOR 1430642. doi:10.2307/1430642.
- Schwarz, E. Austria, Quite a Normal Nation. New German Critique. 2004, (93. Austrian Writers Confront the Past): 175–191.
- Steininger, Rolf. Austria, Germany, and the Cold War: from the Anschluss to the State Treaty 1938–1955. Berghahn Books. 2008. ISBN 978-1-84545-326-8.
- Steininger, Rolf. Austria, Germany, and the Cold War: From the Anschluss to the State Treaty, 1938–1955. Berghahn Books. 2012. ISBN 978-0-85745-598-7.
- Stuhlpfarrer, K. Nazism, the Austrians and the Military. Ed. F. Parkinson (编). Conquering the Past: Austrian Nazism Yesterday & Today. Wayne State University Press. 1989: 190–206. ISBN 978-0-8143-2054-9.
- Uhl, Heidemarie. Austria's Perception of the Second World War and the National Socialist Period. Austrian Historical Memory and National Identity. Transactionpublishers. 1997: 64–94. ISBN 978-1-4128-1769-1.
- Uhl, H. From Victim Myth to Coresponsibility Thesis. The Politics of Memory in Postwar Europe. Duke University Press. 2006: 40–72. ISBN 978-0-8223-3817-8.
- Uhl, H. From Discourse to Representation: Austrian Memory in Public Space. Narrating the Nation: Representations in History, Media, and the Arts. Berghahn Books. 2013: 207–222. ISBN 978-0-85745-412-6.
- Utgaard, P. Remembering and Forgetting the Holocaust in Austrian Schools 1955–1996. Contemporary Austrian Studies: The Vranitzky Era in Austria. Transactionpublishers. 1999: 201–215. ISBN 978-1-4128-4113-9.
|issue=
被忽略 (帮助)