麻瘋樹屬

麻瘋樹屬
	全緣葉珊瑚 Jatropha integerrima
科學分類
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真雙子葉植物 Eudicots
演化支：	薔薇類植物 Rosids
目：	金虎尾目 Malpighiales
科：	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae
亞科：	巴豆亞科 Crotonoideae
族：	麻瘋樹族 Jatropheae
屬：	麻瘋樹屬 Jatropha; L., 1753
物種
	約170個，見文中。

麻瘋樹屬（學名：Jatropha）也稱麻風樹屬，是大戟科下大戟屬被子植物的一個屬。它包含約170多種植物，為多肉植物、灌木和樹木（有些為落葉植物，如桐油樹）。該屬分佈於熱帶和亞熱帶地區。^[2]其中大部分原產於美洲，在舊大陸有66種^[3]。植物生產單獨的雄花和雌花。與大戟科的許多成員一樣，麻風樹含有劇毒的化合物。傳統上，麻風樹品種已用於制籃，製革和染料生產。在2000年代，一種麻瘋樹桐油樹（Jatropha curcas）引起了作為生物柴油生產的油料作物的興趣。

屬名Jatropha源於希臘語itros（醫生）和trophe（食物）的合成詞，指本屬植物多為藥用。

物種

本屬包括以下物種：

Jatropha acanthophylla Loefgr.
Jatropha aceroides (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Hutch.
Jatropha aculeatissima Colla
Jatropha aethiopica Müll.Arg.
Jatropha afrotuberosa Radcl.-Sm. & Govaerts
Jatropha alamanii Müll.Arg.
Jatropha andrieuxii Müll.Arg.
Jatropha angustidens Brandegee, 1891
Jatropha angustifolia Griseb.
Jatropha angustifolia Steud.
Jatropha arborea Glaz.
Jatropha aspleniifolia Pax
Jatropha atacorensis A.Chev.
Jatropha augusti Pax & K.Hoffm.
Jatropha bartlettii Wilbur
Jatropha baumii Pax
錦珊瑚 Jatropha berlandieri Torr., 1859，為Jatropha cathartica Terán & Berland.的異名
Jatropha botswanica Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha breviloba (Morong) Pax & K.Hoffm.
Jatropha brockmanii Hutch.
Jatropha bullockii E.J.Lott
Jatropha calcarea Fern.Casas
Jatropha calyculata Vahl ex Steud.
Jatropha campestris S.Moore
Jatropha canescens (Benth.) Müll.Arg.
Jatropha capensis (L.f.) Sond.
Jatropha cardiophylla (Torr.) Müll.Arg.
Jatropha cathartica Terán & Berland.
Jatropha catingae Ule
Jatropha chamelensis Pérez-Jim.
Jatropha chazaroi O.Sanchez, J.Jimenez Ram. & Arzaba, 2023
Jatropha chevalieri Beille
Jatropha ciliata Sessé
Jatropha cinerea (Ortega) Müll.Arg.
Jatropha clavuligera Müll.Arg.
Jatropha cleomifolia Müll.Arg., 1874
Jatropha cluytioides Pax & K.Hoffm., 1910
Jatropha collina Thulin
Jatropha confusa Hutch.
Jatropha contrerasii J.Jiménez Ram. & Mart.Gord.
Jatropha conzattii J.Jiménez Ram.
Jatropha cordata (Ortega) Müll.Arg.
Jatropha costaricensis G.L.Webster & Poveda
Jatropha crinita Müll.Arg.
Jatropha cuneata Wiggins & Rollins
桐油樹 Jatropha curcas L.，麻風樹
Jatropha decipiens M.E.Jones
Jatropha decumbens Pax & K.Hoffm.
Jatropha dehganii J.Jiménez Ram.
Jatropha dhofarica Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha dichtar J.F.Macbr.
Jatropha dioica Sessé
Jatropha dioica Sessé ex Cerv.
Jatropha dissecta (Chodat & Hassl.) Pax
Jatropha divaricata Sw.
Jatropha diversifolia Steud.
Jatropha elbae J.Jiménez Ram.
Jatropha ellenbeckii Pax
Jatropha elliptica (Pohl) Oken
Jatropha elliptica Müll.Arg., 1874
Jatropha erythropoda Pax & K.Hoffm.
Jatropha euarguta M.G.Gilbert & Thulin
Jatropha excisa Griseb.
Jatropha fischeri Steud.
Jatropha fremontioides Standl.
Jatropha gallabatensis Schweinf.
Jatropha galvanii J.Jiménez Ram. & L.M.Contr.
Jatropha gaumeri Greenm.
Jatropha giffordiana Dehgan & G.L.Webster
Jatropha glandulifera Roxb.
Jatropha glauca Vahl
Jatropha glaucovirens Pax & K.Hoffm.
棉葉珊瑚花 Jatropha gossypiifolia L.
Jatropha grossidentata Pax & K.Hoffm.
Jatropha guaranitica Speg.
Jatropha hastata Griseb.
Jatropha hernandiifolia Vent.
Jatropha heynei N.P.Balakr.
Jatropha hieronymi Kuntze
Jatropha hildebrandtii Pax
Jatropha hildebrandtii Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha hippocastanifolia Croizat
Jatropha hirsuta Hochst.
Jatropha horizontalis M.G.Gilbert
Jatropha humboldtiana McVaugh
Jatropha humifusa Thulin
Jatropha hypogyna Radcl.-Sm. & Thulin
Jatropha inaequispina Thulin
琴葉珊瑚 Jatropha integerrima Jacq.
Jatropha intermedia (Chodat & Hassl.) Pax
Jatropha isabellei Müll.Arg.
Jatropha jaimejimenezii V.W.Steinm.
Jatropha kamerunica Pax & K.Hoffm.
Jatropha krusei J.Jiménez Ram. & Mart.Gord.
Jatropha laciniosa Mart., 1874
Jatropha lagarinthoides Sond.
Jatropha latifolia Pax
Jatropha loeflingii Aresch.
Jatropha longibracteata A.S.Moreira & Carn.-Torres, 2020^[4]
Jatropha loristipula Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha macrantha Müll.Arg.
Jatropha macrocarpa Griseb.
Jatropha macrophylla Pax & K.Hoffm.
Jatropha macrorhiza Benth.
Jatropha mahafalensis Jum. & H.Perrier
Jatropha maheshwarii Subram. & M.P.Nayar
Jatropha malacophylla Standl.
Jatropha marginata Chiov.
Jatropha marmorata Thulin
Jatropha martiusii (Pohl) Baill.
Jatropha mcvaughii Dehgan & G.L.Webster
Jatropha melanosperma Pax
Jatropha microdonta Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha mirandana J.Jiménez Ram. & K.Vega
Jatropha miskatensis Thulin
Jatropha mollis Pax
Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill.
Jatropha moluccana Wall., 1847
Jatropha monroi S.Moore
Jatropha moranii Dehgan & G.L.Webster
珊瑚花 Jatropha multifida L.，紅珊瑚
Jatropha mutabilis (Pohl) Baill.
Jatropha nana Dalzell & A.Gibson
Jatropha napaeifolia Desr., 1797
Jatropha natalensis Müll.Arg.
Jatropha neopauciflora Pax
Jatropha neriifolia Müll.Arg.
Jatropha nibifolia Baill.
Jatropha nogalensis Chiov.
Jatropha nudicaulis Benth.
Jatropha oaxacana J.Jiménez Ram. & R.Torres
Jatropha obbiadensis Chiov.
Jatropha oblanceolata Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha orangeana Dinter ex P.G.Mey.
Jatropha ortegae Standl.
Jatropha osteocarpa Schott ex Pohl, 1827
Jatropha pachypoda Pax
Jatropha pachyrrhiza Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha paganuccii A.S.Moreira & Carn.-Torres, 2020^[4]
Jatropha palmatifida Baker
Jatropha palmatipartita Dehgan
Jatropha palustris Sessé & Moc.
Jatropha panduraefolia Andri
Jatropha paradoxa (Chiov.) Chiov.
Jatropha pauciflora C.Wright ex Griseb.
Jatropha paviaefolia Steud., 1840
Jatropha paxii Croizat
Jatropha pedersenii Lourteig
Jatropha peiranoi Lourteig & O'Donell
Jatropha pelargoniifolia Courbon
Jatropha peltata Sessé
Jatropha pereziae J.Jiménez Ram.
Jatropha phillipseae Rendle
佛肚樹 Jatropha podagrica Hook.
Jatropha prunifolia Pax
Jatropha prunifolia Pax ex Engl.
Jatropha pseudocurcas Müll.Arg.
Jatropha purpura Rose & Pax
Jatropha purpurea Rose
Jatropha purpureorostata Steud., 1840
Jatropha ribifolia (Pohl) Baill.
Jatropha riojae Miranda
Jatropha rivae Pax
Jatropha robecchii Pax
Jatropha rosea Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha rufescens Brandegee
Jatropha rzedowskii J.Jiménez Ram.
Jatropha scaposa Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha schlechteri Pax
Jatropha schweinfurthii Pax
Jatropha seineri Pax
Jatropha somalensis Pax
Jatropha sotoi-nunyezii Fern.Casas & E.Martínez
Jatropha spicata Pax
Jatropha spinosa Vahl
Jatropha spinosissima Thulin
Jatropha standleyi Steyerm.
Jatropha standleyi Steyerm. ex Standl., 1940
Jatropha stephani J.Jiménez Ram. & Mart.Gord.
Jatropha stevensii G.L.Webster
Jatropha stipulacea Müll.Arg.
Jatropha stuhlmannii Pax
Jatropha subaequiloba Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha sympetala S.F.Blake & Standl.
Jatropha tanjorensis J.L.Ellis & Saroja
Jatropha tehuantepecana J.Jiménez Ram. & A.Campos Vilb.
Jatropha tenuicaulis Thulin
Jatropha tertiaria Berry, 1929
Jatropha tetracantha Chiov.
Jatropha tirucalli L.
Jatropha tlalcozotitlanensis J.Jiménez Ram.
Jatropha trifida Chiov.
Jatropha tropaeolifolia Pax
Jatropha tupifolia Griseb.
Jatropha uncinulata Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha unicostata Balf.f.
Jatropha urens Kunth, 1817
Jatropha variabilis Radcl.-Sm.
Jatropha variegata Vahl
Jatropha variifolia Pax
Jatropha velutina Pax & K.Hoffm.
Jatropha vernicosa Brandegee
Jatropha villosa Wight
Jatropha viminea Retz. ex Steud.
Jatropha weberbaueri Pax & K.Hoffm.
Jatropha websteri J.Jiménez Ram.
Jatropha weddeliana Baill.
Jatropha woodii Kuntze
Jatropha zeyheri Sond.

雜交種：

Jatropha ×ceballosii Fern.Casas
Jatropha ×hastifolia Fern.Casas

歸入本屬的物種：

Adenoropium coccinea Steud., 1840
Adenoropium forskohlii Pohl
Curcas adansonii Endl. ex Heynh., 1846

圖片

在尼加拉瓜，馬那瓜，El Crucero的麻風樹multifida花。
在尼加拉瓜，馬那瓜，El Crucero的麻風樹multifida植物。
在尼加拉瓜，馬那瓜，El Crucero的麻風樹multifida花與藍色蝴蝶。
在尼加拉瓜，馬那瓜，El Crucero的麻風樹multifida花和葉子。
Jatropha integerrima
珊瑚油桐
Jatropha pandurifolia
珊瑚油桐的特寫

參考文獻

^ Genus: Jatropha L. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05 [2010-08-13]. （原始內容存檔於2010-05-28）.
^ 中国种子植物科属词典. 中國數字植物標本館. [2012-04-10]. （原始內容存檔於2012-04-11）.
^ Heller, Joachim. Promoting the Conservation and Use of Underutilized and Neglected Crops Volume 1: Physic Nut, Jatropha Curcas L.. Bioversity International. 1996: 7. ISBN 9789290432784.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Ariane dos Santos Moreira, José Florencio Cerqueira Oliveira, Inês Cordeiro and Daniela Santos Carneiro Torres. 2020. Two New Species of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) from Limestone Outcrops in Brazilian Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests. Phytotaxa. 451(1); 73–82. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.451.1.6

[GRIN-1] Genus: Jatropha L. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05 [2010-08-13]. （原始內容存檔於2010-05-28）.

[2] 中国种子植物科属词典. 中國數字植物標本館. [2012-04-10]. （原始內容存檔於2012-04-11）.

[3] Heller, Joachim. Promoting the Conservation and Use of Underutilized and Neglected Crops Volume 1: Physic Nut, Jatropha Curcas L.. Bioversity International. 1996: 7. ISBN 9789290432784.

[Ariane-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Ariane dos Santos Moreira, José Florencio Cerqueira Oliveira, Inês Cordeiro and Daniela Santos Carneiro Torres. 2020. Two New Species of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) from Limestone Outcrops in Brazilian Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests. Phytotaxa. 451(1); 73–82. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.451.1.6

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