花金龜亞科
花金龜（英文：Flower chafers；學名：Cetoniinae）是金龜子科花金龜亞科的成員的總稱，一些小型種有訪花的習性，是一種授粉昆蟲，因而得名。花金龜亞科有別於其他金龜子科成員，絕大多數是日行性昆蟲。花金龜特別擅長飛行，即使是大型種也能輕易的從地面起飛，而且可以做到金龜子與獨角仙難以辦到的長時間盤旋飛行。牠們在飛行時並不會張開鞘翅，而是將腹部往內縮之後直接展開內翅飛行。花金龜的蠐螬幼蟲也有相對其他金龜子科成員更高的機動性，牠們能用背部強壯的肌肉快速蠕動來達到高速移動。
下轄屬與分類
[編輯]The tribes of subfamily Cetoniinae, with some notable genera also listed, are:[1]
- Aethiessa Burmeister, 1842
- Anatona Burmeister, 1842
- Anelaphinis Kolbe, 1912
- Aphelinis Antoine, 1987
- Atrichelaphinis Kraatz, 1898
- Atrichiana Distant, 1911
- Badizoblax Thomson, 1877
- Callophylla Moser, 1916
- Centrantyx Fairmaire, 1884
- Cetonia Fabricius, 1775
- Chewia Legrand, 2004
- Chiloloba Burmeister, 1842
- Cosmesthes Kraatz, 1880
- Cosmiophaena Kraatz, 1899
- Dischista Burmeister, 1842
- Dolichostethus Kolbe, 1912
- Elaphinis Burmeister, 1842
- Enoplotarsus Lucas, 1859
- Erlangeria Preiss, 1902
- Gametis Burmeister, 1842
- Gametoides Antoine, 2006
- Glycosia Schoch, 1896
- Glycyphana Burmeister, 1842
- Gymnophana Arrow, 1910
- Hemiprotaetia Mikšič, 1963
- Heteralleucosma Antoine, 1989
- Heterocnemis Albers, 1852
- Heterotephraea Antoine, 2002
- Lawangia Schenkling, 1921
- Lorkovitschia Mikšič, 1968
- Marmylida Thomson, 1880
- Mireia Ruter, 1953
- Niphobleta Kraatz, 1880
- Pachnoda Burmeister, 1842
- Pachnodoides Alexis & Delpont, 2002
- Paleopragma Thomson, 1880
- Paralleucosma Antoine, 1989
- Paranelaphinis Antoine, 1988
- Paraprotaetia Moser, 1907
- Pararhabdotis Kraatz, 1899
- Parastraella Antoine, 2006
- Parelaphinis Holm & Marais, 1989
- Phaneresthes Kraatz, 1894
- Phoxomeloides Schoch, 1898
- Podopholis Moser, 1915
- Podopogonus Moser, 1917
- Polybaphes Kirby, 1827
- Polystalactica Kraatz, 1882
- 星花金龜屬 Protaetia Burmeister, 1842
- Liocola Thomson, 1859
- Potosia Mulsant & Rey, 1871
- Protaetiomorpha Mikšič, 1968
- Pseudoprotaetia Kraatz, 1882
- Pseudotephraea Kraatz, 1882
- Reineria Mikšič, 1968
- Rhabdotis Burmeister, 1842
- Rhabdotops Krikken, 1981
- Rhyxiphloea Burmeister, 1842 (異名：Rhixiphloea)
- Simorrhina Kraatz, 1886
- Somalibia Lansberge, 1882
- Stalagmosoma Burmeister, 1842
- Sternoplus Wallace, 1868
- Systellorhina Kraatz, 1895
- Tephraea Burmeister, 1842
- Thyreogonia Reitter, 1898
- Trichocelis Moser, 1908
- Trichocephala Moser, 1916
- Tropinota Mulsant, 1842
- Xeloma Kraatz, 1881
- Euphoria Burmeister, 1842
- Chlorixanthe Bates, 1889
- Acrothyrea Kraatz, 1882
- Alleucosma Schenkling, 1921
- Amaurina Kolbe, 1895
- Analleucosma Antoine, 1989
- Cyrtothyrea Kolbe, 1895
- Discopeltis Burmeister, 1842
- Grammopyga Kraatz, 1895
- Heteralleucosma Antoine, 1989
- Homothyrea Kolbe, 1895
- Leucocelis Burmeister, 1842
- Lonchothyrea Kolbe, 1895
- Mausoleopsis Lansberge, 1882
- Mecaspidiellus Antoine, 1997
- Molynoptera Kraatz, 1897
- Molynopteroides Antoine, 1989
- Oxythyrea Mulsant, 1842
- Paleira Reiche, 1871
- Paralleucosma Antoine, 1989
- Phoxomela Schaum, 1844
- Pseudalleucosma Antoine, 1989
- Pseudooxythyrea Baraud, 1985
- Aspilina亞族
- Aspilus Schaum, 1848
- Protochilus Krikken, 1976
- Arielina Rossi, 1958
- Astoxenus Péringuey, 1907
- Basilewskynia Schein, 1957
- Coenochilus Schaum, 1841
- Ruterielina Rojkoff, 2010
- Centrochilus Krikken, 1976
- Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1857
- Cremastocheilus Knoch, 1801
- Cyclidiellus Krikken, 1976
- Cyclidinus Westwood, 1874
- Cyclidius MacLeay, 1838
- Genuchinus Westwood, 1874
- Lissomelas Bates, 1889
- Paracyclidius Howden, 1971
- Platysodes Westwood, 1873
- Psilocnemis Burmeister, 1842
- Cymophorus Kirby, 1827
- Myrmecochilus Wasmann, 1900
- Rhagopteryx Burmeister, 1842
- Genuchus Kirby, 1825
- Meurguesia Ruter, 1969
- Problerhinus Deyrolle, 1864
- Goliathopsis Janson, 1881
- Heterogenius Moser, 1911
- Chtonobius Burmeister, 1847
- Lissogenius Schaum, 1844
- Brachymacroma Kraatz, 1896
- Campsiura Hope, 1831
- Macromina Westwood, 1874
- Pseudopilinurgus Moser, 1918
- Nyassinus Westwood, 1879
- Anatonochilus Péringuey, 1907
- Laurentiana Ruter, 1952
- Oplostomus W.S. MacLeay, 1838
- Placodidus Péringuey, 1900
- Scaptobius Schaum, 1841
- Callynomes Mohnike, 1873
- Centrognathus Guérin-Méneville, 1840
- Parapilinurgus Arrow, 1910
- Periphanesthes Kraatz, 1880
- Pilinurgus Burmeister, 1842
- Spilophorus Schaum, 1848
- Telochilus Krikken, 1975
- Lecanoderus Kolbe, 1908
- Trichoplus Burmeister, 1842
- Pseudoscaptobius Krikken, 1976
- Trogodes Westwood, 1873
- Anoplocheilus MacLeay, 1838
- Anthracophora Burmeister, 1842
- Anthracophorides Moser, 1918
- Apocnosoides Antoine, 2001
- Charadronota Burmeister, 1842
- Conradtia Kolbe, 1892
- Diphrontis Gerstäcker, 1882
- Diplognatha Gory & Percheron, 1833
- Eriulis Burmeister, 1842
- Hadrodiplognatha Kraatz, 1898
- Heteropseudinca Valck Lucassen, 1933
- Lamellothyrea Krikken, 1980
- Metallopseudinca Valck Lucassen, 1933
- Niphetophora Kraatz, 1883
- Odontorrhina Burmeister, 1842
- Parapoecilophila Hauser, 1904
- Phonopleurus Moser, 1919
- Pilinopyga Kraatz, 1880
- Porphyronota Burmeister, 1842
- Pseudinca Kraatz, 1880
- Stethopseudinca Valck Lucassen, 1933
- Tetragonorhina Kraatz, 1896 (異名：Tetragonorrhina)
- Trichostetha Burmeister, 1842
- Triplognatha Krikken, 1987
- Trymodera Gerstaecker, 1867
- Uloptera Burmeister, 1842
Goliathini族
[編輯]
- Dicronocephalus Hope, 1837
- Fornasinius Bertoloni, 1853
- 大角金龜屬 Goliathus Lamarck, 1801
- Hegemus J. Thomson, 1881
- Hypselogenia Burmeister, 1840
- Gariep Péringuey, 1907
- Ichnestoma Gory & Percheron, 1833
- Karooida Perissinotto, 2020
- Mzansica Perissinotto, 2020
- Paraxeloma Holm, 1988
- Anagnathocera Arrow, 1922
- Anisorrhina Westwood, 1842
- Asthenorhella Westwood, 1874 (異名：AsthenorrhellaBergé, 或 "Asthenorrhinella" Schoch)
- Asthenorhina Westwood, 1843 (異名：Asthenorrhina Gemminger & Harold)
- Bietia Fairmaire, 1898
- Bothrorrhina Burmeister, 1842
- Caelorrhina Hope, 1841 (異名： Coelorrhina Burmeister)
- Cheirolasia Westwood, 1843
- Chloresthia Fairmaire, 1905
- Chlorocala Kirby, 1828
- Chondrorrhina Kraatz, 1880
- Compsocephalus White, 1845
- Cosmiomorpha Saunders, 1854
- Cyphonocephalus Westwood, 1842
- Desfontainesia Alexis & Delpont, 1999
- Dicellachilus Waterhouse, 1905
- Dicheros Gory & Percheron, 1833
- Dicronorhina Hope, 1837 (異名： "Dicranorrhina" Burmeister, "Dicronorrhina" Burmeister)
- Diphyllomorpha Hope, 1843
- Dymusia Burmeister, 1842
- Euchloropus Arrow, 1907
- Eudicella White, 1839
- Eutelesmus Waterhouse, 1880
- Gnathocera Kirby, 1825
- Gnorimimelus Kaatz, 1880
- Hemiheterorrhina Mikšić, 1974
- Herculaisia Seilliere, 1910
- Heterorhina Westwood, 1842 (異名：Heterorrhina)
- Ingrisma Fairmaire, 1893
- Ischnoscelis Burmeister, 1842
Ischnoscelis hoepfneri - Jumnos Saunders, 1839
- Lansbergia Ritsema, 1888
- Lophorrhina Westwood, 1842
- Lophorrhinides Perissinotto, Clennell & Beinhundner, 2019
- Mawenzhena Alexis & Delpont, 2001
- 長角金龜屬 Mecynorhina Hope, 1837
- Moseriana Ruter, 1965
- Mystroceros Burmeister, 1842
- Narycius Dupont, 1835
- Neomystroceros Alexis & Delpont, 1998
- Neophaedimus Schoch, 1894
- Neoscelis Schoch, 1897
- Pedinorrhina Kraatz, 1880
- Petrovitzia Mikšić, 1965
- Plaesiorrhina Burmeister, 1842
- Platynocephalus Westwood, 1854
- Priscorrhina Krikken, 1984
- Pseudodiceros Mikšić, 1974
- Pseudotorynorrhina Mikšič, 1967
- Ptychodesthes Kraatz, 1883
- Raceloma J. Thomson, 1877
- Rhamphorrhina Klug, 1855
- Rhinarion Ruter, 1965
- Rhomborhina Hope 1837 (異名：Rhomborrhina Burmeister)
- Scythropesthes Kraatz, 1880
- Smicorhina Westwood, 1847
- Spelaiorrhina Lansberge, 1886
- Stephanorrhina Burmeister, 1842
- Taurhina Burmeister, 1842 (異名：Taurrhina Kraatz)
- Tmesorrhina Westwood, 1842
- Torynorrhina Arrow, 1907
- Trichoneptunides Legrand, 2001
- Trigonophorinus Pouillaude, 1913
- Trigonophorus Hope, 1831
- Blaesia Burmeister, 1842
- Halffterinetis Morón and Nogueira, 2007
- Aemilius LeMoult, 1939
- Allorhina Burmeister, 1842
- Amazula Kraatz, 1882
- Amithao J. Thomson, 1878
- Argyripa J. Thomson, 1878
- Astrocara Schürhoff, 1937
- Badelina J. Thomson, 1880
- Balsameda J. Thomson, 1880
- Chiriquiba Bates, 1889
- Cineretis Schürhoff, 1937 (異名：Hologymnetis Martínez, 1949)
- Clinteria Burmeister, 1842
- Clinteroides Schoch, 1898
- Cotinis Burmeister, 1842
- Desicasta J. Thomson, 1878
- Guatemalica Poll, 1886
- Gymnetina Casey, 1915
- Gymnetis MacLeay, 1819
- Gymnetosoma Martínez, 1949
- Hadrosticta Kraatz, 1892
- Heterocotinis Martínez, 1949
- Hoplopyga J. Thomson, 1880
- Hoplopygothrix Schürhoff, 1933
- Jansonella Blackwelder, 1944
- Macrocranius Schürhoff, 1935
- Marmarina Kirby, 1827
- Neocorvicoana Ratcliffe & Micó, 2001
- Stethodesma Bainbridge, 1840
- Tiarocera Burmeister, 1842
Phaedimini族
[編輯]- Phaedimus Waterhouse, 1841
- Hemiphaedimus Mikšič, 1972
- Philistina W.S. MacLeay, 1838
- Theodosia J. Thomson, 1880
- Agestrata Eschscholtz, 1829
- Ischiopsopha Gestro, 1874
- Lomaptera Gory & Percheron, 1833
- Lomapteroides Schoch, 1898
- Megaphonia Schürhoff, 1933
- Morokia Janson, 1905
- Mycterophallus Van de Poll, 1886
- Anacamptorrhina Blanchard, 1842
- Aphanesthes Kraatz, 1880
- Axillonia Krikken, 2018
- Bisallardiana Antoine, 2003
- Chalcopharis Heller, 1901
- Chlorobapta Kraatz, 1880
- Chondropyga Kraatz, 1880
- Clithria Burmeister, 1842
- Diaphonia Newman, 1840
- Digenethle Thomson, 1877
- Dilochrosis Thomson, 1878
- Eupoecila Burmeister, 1842
- Grandaustralis Hutchinson & Moeseneder, 2013
- Hemichnoodes Kraatz, 1880
- Hemipharis Burmeister, 1842
- Lenosoma Macleay, 1863
- Lethosesthes Thomson, 1880
- Lyraphora Kraatz, 1880
- Macrotina Strand, 1934
- Metallesthes Kraatz, 1880
- Microdilochrosis Jákl, 2009
- Microlomaptera Kraatz, 1885
- Micropoecila Kraatz, 1880
- Navigator Hutchinson & Moeseneder, 2016
- Neoclithria Van de Poll, 1886
- Neorrhina J. Thomson, 1878
- Octocollis Moeseneder & Hutchinson, 2012
- Panglaphyra Kraatz, 1880
- Peotoxus Krikken, 1983
- Phyllopodium Schoch, 1895
- Platedelosis Kraatz, 1880
- Poecilopharis Kraatz, 1880
- Pseudoclithria Van de Poll, 1886
- Schizorhina Kirby, 1825
- Schochidia Berg, 1898
- Stenopisthes Moser, 1913
- Storeyus Hasenpusch & Moeseneder 2010
- Tafaia Valck Lucassen, 1939
- Tapinoschema Thomson, 1880
- Territonia Krikken, 2018
- Trichaulax (beetle) Trichaulax
- Kraatz, 1880
- Anochilia Burmeister, 1842
- Epistalagma Fairmaire, 1880
- Chromoptilia Westwood, 1842
- Descarpentriesia Ruter, 1964
- Bricoptis Burmeister, 1842
- Coptomia Burmeister, 1842
- Coptomiopsis Pouillaude, 1919
- Euchilia Burmeister, 1842
- Euryomia Burmeister, 1842
- Heterocranus Bourgoin, 1919
- Hiberasta Fairmaire, 1901
- Hyphelithia Kraatz, 1880
- Liostraca Burmeister, 1842
- Micreuchilia Pouillaude, 1917
- Micropeltus Blanchard, 1842
- Pareuchilia Kraatz, 1880
- Pseudeuryomia Kraatz, 1894
- Pygora Burmeister, 1842
- Pyrrhopoda Kraatz, 1880
- Vieuella Ruter, 1964
- Doryscelis Burmeister, 1842
- Epixanthis Burmeister, 1842
- Hemiaspidius Krikken, 1982
- Parepixanthis Kraatz, 1893
- Pseudepixanthis Kraatz, 1880
- Rhynchocephala Fairmaire, 1883
- Euchroea Burmeister, 1842
- Heterophana Burmeister, 1842
- Oxypelta Pouillaude, 1920
- Pogonotarsus Burmeister, 1842
- Zebinus Fairmaire, 1894
- Heterosoma Schaum, 1845
- Plochilia Fairmaire, 1896
- Bonoraella Ruter, 1978
- Celidota Burmeister, 1842
- Cyriodera Burmeister, 1842
- Dirrhina Burmeister, 1842
- Hemilia Kraatz, 1880
- Lucassenia Olsoufieff, 1940
- Moriaphila Kraatz, 1880
- Pantolia Burmeister, 1842
- Tetraodorhina Blanchard, 1842
- Parachilia Burmeister, 1842
- Callipechis Burmeister, 1842
- Ischnotarsia Kraatz, 1880
- Rhadinotaenia Kraatz, 1900
- Stenotarsia Burmeister, 1842
- Vadonidella Ruter, 1973
- Anocoela Moser, 1914
- Bacchusia Mikšic, 1976
- Bombodes Westwood, 1848
- Carneluttia Mikšic, 1976
- Chalcothea Burmeister, 1842
- Chalcotheomima Mikšic, 1970
- 舟花金龜屬 Clerota Burmeister, 1842
- 瘦花金龜屬 Coilodera Hope, 1831
- Costinota Schürhoff, 1933
- Eumacronota Mikšic, 1976
- Euremina Wallace, 1867
- 麗花金龜屬 Euselates Thomson, 1880
- Glyptothea Bates, 1889
- Glyptotheomima Mikšic, 1976
- Gnorimidia van Lansberge, 1887
- Hemichalcothea Mikšic, 1970
- 翼花金龜屬 Ixorida Thomson, 1880
- Mecinonota Kraatz, 1892
- Oncosterna Thomson, 1880
- Pseudomecinonota Miksic, 1972
- Macronotops Krikken, 1977
- 縫花金龜屬 Meroloba Thomson, 1880
- Microchalcothea Moser, 1910
- Penthima Kraatz, 1892
- Plectrone Wallace, 1867
- 絨毛花金龜屬 Pleuronota Kraatz, 1892
- Pseudochalcothea Ritsema, 1882
- 帶花金龜屬 Taeniodera Burmeister, 1842
- Xenoloba Bates, 1889
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- Coelocorynus Kolbe, 1895
- Cryptodontes Burmeister, 1847
- Incaina亞族
- Golinca Thomson, 1878
- Inca Lepeletier & Serville, 1828
- Pantodinus Burmeister, 1847
- Osmoderma Lepeletier & Serville, 1825
- Platygeniops Krikken, 1978
- Platygenia MacLeay, 1819
- Agnorimus Miyake et al., 1991
- Apeltastes Howden, 1968
- Brachagenius Kraatz, 1890
- Calometopidius Bourgoin, 1917
- Calometopus Blanchard, 1850
- Campulipus Kirby, 1827
- Chaetodermina Heller, 1921
- Clastocnemis Burmeister, 1840
- Coelocratus Burmeister, 1841
- Corynotrichius Kolbe, 1891
- Dialithus Parry, 1849
- Diploa Kolbe, 1892
- Diploeida Péringuey, 1907
- Elpidus Péringuey, 1907
- Endoxazus Kolbe, 1892
- Epitrichius Tagawa, 1941
- Eriopeltastes Burmeister, 1840
- Giesbertiolus Howden, 1988
- Glaphyronyx Moser, 1924
- Gnorimella Casey, 1915
- Gnorimus Lepeletier & Serville, 1825
- Incala J. Thomson, 1858
- Incalidia Janson, 1907
- Liotrichius Kolbe, 1892
- Myodermides Ruter, 1964
- Myodermum Burmeister, 1840
- Paragnorimus Becker, 1910
- Paratrichius Janson, 1881
- Peltotrichius Howden, 1968
- Pileotrichius Bourgoin, 1921
- Polyplastus Janson, 1880
- Stegopterus Burmeister, 1840
- Stripsipher Gory & Percheron, 1833
- Trichiomorphus Bourgoin, 1919
- Trichiotinus Casey, 1915
- Trichius Fabricius, 1787
- Trigonopeltastes Burmeister, 1840
- Xiphoscelidus Péringuey, 1907
- Ischnovalgus Kolbe, 1897
- Microvalgus Kraatz, 1883
- Stenovalgus Kolbe, 1892
- Valgina亞族
- Acanthovalgus Kraatz, 1895
- Bivalgus Paulian, 1961
- Chaetovalgus Moser, 1914
- Charitovalgus Kolbe, 1904
- Chromovalgus Kolbe, 1897
- Comythovalgus Kolbe, 1897
- Cosmovalgus Kolbe, 1897
- Dasyvalgoides Endrödi, 1952
- Dasyvalgus Kolbe, 1904
- Euryvalgus Moser, 1908
- Excisivalgus Endrödi, 1952
- Heterovalgus Krikken, 1978
- Homovalgus Kolbe, 1897
- Hoplitovalgus Kolbe, 1904
- Hybovalgus Kolbe, 1904
- Idiovalgus Arrow, 1910
- Lepivalgus Moser, 1914
- Lobovalgus Kolbe, 1897
- Mimovalgus Arrow, 1944
- Oedipovalgus Kolbe, 1897
- Oreoderus Burmeister, 1842
- Oreovalgus Kolbe, 1904
- Podovalgus Arrow, 1910
- Pygovalgus Kolbe, 1884
- Sphinctovalgus Kolbe, 1904
- Tibiovalgus Kolbe, 1904
- Valgoides Fairmaire, 1899
- Valgus Scriba, 1790
- Xenoreoderus Arrow, 1910
- Yanovalgus Nomura, 1952
- Aporecolpa van Lansberge, 1886
- Callophylla Moser, 1916
- Heteroclita Burmeister, 1842
- Ischnostomiella Krikken, 1978
- Meridioclita Krikken, 1982
- Myodermidius Bourgoin, 1920
- Neoclita Perissinotto, 2017
- Neoclita pringlei Perissinotto, 2017[2]
- Oroclita Krikken, 1982
- Plochiliana Ruter, 1978
- Protoclita Krikken, 1978
- Rhinocoeta Burmeister, 1842
- Scheinia Ruter, 1958
- Xiphoscelis Burmeister, 1842
- Xiphosceloides Holm, 1992
參考資料
[編輯]- ^ Subfamily Cetoniinae Leach, 1815. [2010-12-29]. （原始內容存檔於2019-02-28）.
- ^ Renzo Perissinotto. 2017. Neoclita pringlei (Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae), A New Relict Genus and Species from the Drakensberg Range of South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy. 279: 1–12. DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.279
