紅絲薑花

紅絲薑花
科學分類
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	單子葉植物 Monocots
演化支：	鴨跖草類植物 Commelinids
目：	薑目 Zingiberales
科：	薑科 Zingiberaceae
屬：	姜花屬 Hedychium
種：	紅絲薑花 H. gardnerianum
二名法
	Hedychium gardnerianum; Sheppard ex Ker Gawl.
異名
	Gamochilus speciosus T.Lestib.; Hedychium gardnerianum Sheph.; Hedychium gardnerianum var. fasciatum K.Koch; Hedychium gardnerianum var. pallidum (Regel) Baker; Hedychium pallidum Regel;

紅絲薑花（學名：Hedychium gardnerianum）是薑科薑花屬下的一種草本植物，原産於印度、尼泊爾、不丹及中國的西藏和雲南地區^[2]^[3]。這種植物是世界百大外來入侵種之一。

分佈

紅絲薑花是薑花屬分佈最廣泛的園藝植物，偏好熱帶氣候，但在亞熱帶及溫帶地區氣候適宜之處也可以生長。該植物在許多地區都被當做入侵物種，其中包括新西蘭、^[4]夏威夷^[5]和亞速群島。^[6]

特徵描述

紅絲姜花的莖高度約為1-1.6米。葉為線狀橢圓形，頂端尖銳，基部楔形或近圓形，葉面為深綠色，平滑無毛，葉背淺綠色被白粉，僅中脈被長而密的柔毛，邊緣狹，軟骨質。幾乎沒有葉柄；葉鞘黃綠色或略呈紫紅色，被白粉，幼時白粉更加明顯，無毛；葉舌長圓形，頂端圓形，膜質，黃綠色或略呈紫紅色，幼時被白粉，無毛。^[2]

穗狀花序圓柱形，頂生直立，苞片非覆瓦狀，彼此分離，40-60枚在花序上螺旋狀排列。苞片內卷呈管狀，線狀披針形，綠色無毛被白粉，每苞片內有1-2朵花；小苞片管狀，黃綠色無毛。花為檸檬黃色，雄蕊紅色；花萼管狀，黃綠色，頂部略帶檸檬黃色，無毛；花冠管基部黃綠色，向上漸變為檸檬黃色至先端略呈橙紅色，無毛；花冠裂片線性，內卷，後方略長於側生裂片，檸檬黃色；側生退化雄蕊較花冠裂片為寬，線狀長圓形，檸檬黃色，基部漸呈橙紅色，先端圓鈍；唇瓣倒卵形，檸檬黃色，基部漸呈橙紅色，先端圓鈍或微凹；花絲紅色；花葯弓形彎曲；柱頭超出花葯，具緣毛；子房圓柱形；上位腺體2個，檸檬黃色。^[2]

控制

在熱帶和亞熱帶地區，紅絲薑花擴張速度極其快，其粘著性很強的種子會經由鳥類和哺乳動物傳播到別的地區。^[7]唯一的驅除辦法是完全挖掉其塊莖或使用除草劑。^[8]

藥用

醫學研究發現，紅絲薑花中的一種提取物含有細胞毒性，可以用來治療肺癌。^[9]

參考文獻

^ Hedychium gardnerianum Sheph. ex Ker Gawl.. GBIF. Copenhagen, Denmark: GBIF Secretariat. [2024-04-17].
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Ding, Hongbo; Wang, Liyan; Quan, Dongli; Yang, Bin; Yue, Mamai; Wang, Pingyuan; Yang, Yongjingwen; Gong, Qiangbang; Zhou, Shishun; Wang, Li; Li, Jianwu; Tan, Yunhong. Additions to the seed plant flora in Yunnan, China. Biodiversity Science. 2023-10-20, 31 (10): 23254. doi:10.17520/biods.2023254.
^ Chen, Yousheng; Song, Zhuqiu; Wei, Ran; Luo, Yan; Chen, Wenli; Yang, Fusheng; Gao, Lianming; Xu, Yuan; Zhang, Zhuoxin; Fu, Pengcheng; Xiang, Chunlei; Wang, Huanchong; Hao, Jiachen; Meng, Shiyong; Wu, Lei; Li, Bo; Yu, Shengxiang; Zhang, Shuren; He, Li; Guo, Xinqiang; Wang, Wenguang; Tong, Yihua; Gao, Qi; Fei, Wenqun; Zeng, Youpai; Bai, Lin; Jin, Zichao; Zhong, Xingjie; Zhang, Buyun; Du, Siyi. A dataset on inventory and geographical distribution of vascular plants in Xizang, China. Biodiversity Science. 2023-09-20, 31 (9): 23188. doi:10.17520/biods.2023188.
^ Kahili ginger. Biosecurity New Zealand, New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. 2008 [23 April 2009]. （原始內容存檔於2015-01-22）.
^ State of Hawaii – Department of Land and Natural Resources. Hawaii's Most Invasive Horticultural Plants – kahili ginger. State of Hawaii – Department of Land and Natural Resources. 2007 [September 24, 2007]. （原始內容存檔於2007年9月26日）.
^ Invasive Species Specialist Group. Details of this species in Azores. Global Invasive Species Database. 2004 [January 31, 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）.
^ New Zealand Conservation Network. New Zealand Conservation Network. [November 13, 2011].
^ Weedbusters Weed Information. New Zealand Biodiversity Dept. [November 13, 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2012年1月14日）.
^ Kumrit I, Suksamrarn A, Meepawpan P, Songsri S, Nuntawong N.; (2010) "Labdane-type diterpenes from Hedychium gardnerianum with potent cytotoxicity against human small cell lung cancer cells." Phytother Res.; 24(7):1009-13.[1] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

外部連結

[1] Hedychium gardnerianum Sheph. ex Ker Gawl.. GBIF. Copenhagen, Denmark: GBIF Secretariat. [2024-04-17].

[biods.2023254-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Ding, Hongbo; Wang, Liyan; Quan, Dongli; Yang, Bin; Yue, Mamai; Wang, Pingyuan; Yang, Yongjingwen; Gong, Qiangbang; Zhou, Shishun; Wang, Li; Li, Jianwu; Tan, Yunhong. Additions to the seed plant flora in Yunnan, China. Biodiversity Science. 2023-10-20, 31 (10): 23254. doi:10.17520/biods.2023254.

[3] Chen, Yousheng; Song, Zhuqiu; Wei, Ran; Luo, Yan; Chen, Wenli; Yang, Fusheng; Gao, Lianming; Xu, Yuan; Zhang, Zhuoxin; Fu, Pengcheng; Xiang, Chunlei; Wang, Huanchong; Hao, Jiachen; Meng, Shiyong; Wu, Lei; Li, Bo; Yu, Shengxiang; Zhang, Shuren; He, Li; Guo, Xinqiang; Wang, Wenguang; Tong, Yihua; Gao, Qi; Fei, Wenqun; Zeng, Youpai; Bai, Lin; Jin, Zichao; Zhong, Xingjie; Zhang, Buyun; Du, Siyi. A dataset on inventory and geographical distribution of vascular plants in Xizang, China. Biodiversity Science. 2023-09-20, 31 (9): 23188. doi:10.17520/biods.2023188.

[4] Kahili ginger. Biosecurity New Zealand, New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. 2008 [23 April 2009]. （原始內容存檔於2015-01-22）.

[hi-5] State of Hawaii – Department of Land and Natural Resources. Hawaii's Most Invasive Horticultural Plants – kahili ginger. State of Hawaii – Department of Land and Natural Resources. 2007 [September 24, 2007]. （原始內容存檔於2007年9月26日）.

[az-6] Invasive Species Specialist Group. Details of this species in Azores. Global Invasive Species Database. 2004 [January 31, 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）.

[7] New Zealand Conservation Network. New Zealand Conservation Network. [November 13, 2011].

[8] Weedbusters Weed Information. New Zealand Biodiversity Dept. [November 13, 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2012年1月14日）.

[9] Kumrit I, Suksamrarn A, Meepawpan P, Songsri S, Nuntawong N.; (2010) "Labdane-type diterpenes from Hedychium gardnerianum with potent cytotoxicity against human small cell lung cancer cells." Phytother Res.; 24(7):1009-13.[1] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

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