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维基百科，自由的百科全书
斯坦·斯瓦米
Stan Swamy
2010年的斯坦·斯瓦米
出生Stanislaus Lourduswamy
(1937-04-26)1937年4月26日
英属印度诸省马德拉斯省Tiruchirappalli（今印度泰米尔纳德邦）
逝世2021年7月5日(2021岁—07—05)（84岁）
 印度马哈拉施特拉邦孟买
活跃时期1978年－2021年

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Swamy 斯坦尼斯劳斯·卢德斯瓦米（英语：Stanislaus Lourduswamy；1937年4月26日—2021年7月5日），俗称斯坦·斯瓦米（英语：Stan Swamy），是印度天主教牧师，耶稣会成员，[1]多年为部落民权利活动。[2][3]斯瓦米是印度最老的被控恐怖主义的人。[4]

On 8 October 2020, Swamy was arrested and charged by the 国家调查局 under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, for his alleged role in the 2018 Bhima Koregaon violence and links to the 印度共产党（毛主义）.[5] Swamy was suffering from 帕金森氏症 and had requested bail on medical grounds, which was rejected multiple times. While incarcerated, his health deteriorated and died on 5 July 2021.

生平

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早年

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1937年4月26日生于印度泰米尔纳德邦蒂鲁吉拉帕利。[6][7][8] In the 1970s, he studied theology and received a masters degree in sociology in the Philippines,[7] where he encountered a series of protests and demonstrations against the administration. During his further studies, he made friends with Brazilian Catholic Archbishop Hélder Câmara, whose work with poor people influenced him.[6]

Activism

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Swamy was the director of the Jesuit-run Indian Social Institute, Bangalore, from 1975 to 1986.[9] He had questioned the non-implementation of the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution, which stipulates setting up of a Tribes Advisory Council with members solely of the Adivasi community for their protection, well-being and development in the state.[10]

In a video circulated two days ahead of his arrest, Swamy suggested his arrest was linked to his work, as it involved dissent against government policies. He said

What is happening to me is not something unique happening to me alone. It is a broader process that is taking place all over the country. We are all aware how prominent intellectuals, lawyers writers, poets, activists, students, leaders, they are all put into jail because they have expressed their dissent or raised questions about the ruling powers of India. We are part of the process. In a way I am happy to be part of this process. I am not a silent spectator, but part of the game, and ready to pay the price whatever be it.[11]

While incarcerated in Taloja Central Jail, in a letter to his Jesuit colleague, Swamy highlighted the plight of the prisoners stating, "Many of such poor undertrials don't know what charges have been put on them, have not seen their chargesheet and just remain in prison for years without any legal or other assistance."[12] He ended the letter saying, "But we will still sing in chorus. A caged bird can still sing."[13]

Arrest

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Swamy was implicated in the 2018 Bhima Koregaon violence, while he claimed that he was not in Pune[14] during the said period, and he was accused of being a Maoist "sympathiser". It was alleged that the Persecuted Prisoners Solidarity Committee (PPSC) founded by him and Sudha Bharadwaj, "to fight for the release of around 3,000 men and women who have been labelled as Maoists and imprisoned",[4] was a front for Maoist fundraising. The Jesuits denied the allegation of Swamy being a Maoist, by stating that it was against the ethos of the Jesuit order.[15] He was arrested[16] by the 国家调查局 on 8 October 2020, from Bagaicha, a Jesuit social action centre,[17] and charged under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967, under which bail can be denied. The case was initially investigated by the Pune Police but later handed over to the NIA.[18][19] He had earlier been arrested in June 2018 in 兰契 on similar accusations.[20] Activists Vernon Gonsalves and Arun Ferreira were also lodged at Taloja prison along with Swamy.[14]

Swamy's arrest triggered widespread protests across India.[21] The People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL), All India Catholic Union, the Catholic Bishops Conference of India, Kerala Catholic Bishops' Conference (KCBC), Kerala Latin Catholic Association (KLCA), Kerala Jesuit Provincial,[22] Federation of Asian Bishops Conferences (FABC),[23] and the international Jesuit community,[24][11][1] all protested, calling for his release.[25][26][27] The Ranchi Catholic Church released a statement saying it was "distressed and troubled" at the way he was arrested.[6] The arrests were termed as politically motivated due to his work among the 阿迪瓦西 community, the release of undertrials, Persecuted Prisoners Solidarity Committee,[28] among others.[29] Leaders of other minority religions also protested his arrest.[30] In a protest on 21 October 2020, leaders of opposition political parties such as Shashi Tharoor, 西塔拉姆·亚秋里, D·拉贾, Supriya Sule and Kanimozhi along with economist Jean Dreze, Dr Joseph Marianus Kujur, the director of the Ranchi-based Xavier Institute of Social Sciences, activists Dayamani Barla and Rupali Jadhav, and lawyer Mihir Desai called for Stan's release.[31][32] 贾坎德邦 Chief minister Hemant Soren[33] and 喀拉拉邦 Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan[34][35][36] both objected to Swamy's arrest.

In October 2020, Swamy filed for bail on the grounds of him being a victim of 帕金森氏症. His bail pleas were rejected multiple times.[37][38][39]

On 6 November 2020, Swamy submitted an application to the special court requesting a straw and sipper, stating that he was unable to hold a glass due to Parkinson's.[40][41] In response to the delay in arranging a straw and a sipper for Swamy,[42] social media users protested by ordering straws and sippers online, getting them delivered to the NIA's Mumbai office and at the Taloja jail.[43][44]

Illness and death

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斯瓦米患有帕金森氏症和其他老年病。[8] He fell multiple times while in prison.[41] He suffered from hearing loss in both ears and had undergone surgeries.[15] Due to his Parkinson's, he had trouble holding a glass, and requested to be provided with a sipper and a straw while imprisoned.[40]

On 18 May 2021, in a note submitted to the Bombay High Court,[45] it was reported that Swamy was gravely ill in prison.[46] The Court ordered the formation of an expert committee to examine Swamy.[47][48] While appearing before the Court over video conferencing on 21 May 2021, Swamy refused to be admitted to either JJ hospital or any other hospital and requested only interim bail so that he could go to his home in 兰契, citing his rapidly deteriorating health.[49] On 28 May 2021, the Bombay High Court directed the Maharashtra government to admit Swamy to a private hospital for 15 days, considering his rapidly deteriorating health. He was admitted to the Holy Family Hospital, Mumbai.[50] Swamy then tested positive for 2019冠状病毒病.[51]

On 4 July 2021, Swamy was put on ventilator support, as his health deteriorated.[52] He died on 5 July 2021, ahead of his bail hearing in Bombay High Court.[53][54][55]

荣誉

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2021年1月，被授予2020年穆昆丹·C·梅农奖。[56]

参考

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Petition for Fr Stanislaus Lourdusamy. Jesuits in Britain. [11 October 2020]. 
  2. ^ NIA court to pass order on Stan Swamy bail on March 22. The Hindu. 16 March 2021 –通过www.thehindu.com. 
  3. ^ Regi, Anjali. Fr. Stan Swamy arrested: Widespread protest. Catholic Focus. 9 October 2020 [11 October 2020]. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Biswas, Soutik. Stan Swamy: The oldest person to be accused of terrorism in India. BBC. 13 October 2020 [13 October 2020]. 
  5. ^ Kaur, Kamaljit. This is what NIA's Bhima Koregaon chargesheet says about Stan Swamy. India Today. [13 October 2020] （英语）. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Held by NIA over 'Maoist links', 83-yr-old priest worked for tribals, took on govt policies, and 'even the Church'. The Indian Express. 11 October 2020 [12 October 2020] （英语）. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 PM, Tony; Martin, Peter. Adivasi rights activist Stan Swamy's life and work demonstrate why the powerful want him silenced. Scroll. [22 October 2020]. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Thekaekara, Mari Marcel. The Indomitable Spirit of Father Stan Swamy. The Wire. [11 October 2020]. 
  9. ^ Directors, Indian Social Institute. Indian Social Institute. [11 October 2020]. 
  10. ^ Explained: Who is Stan Swamy, the latest to be arrested in the Elgar Parishad-Bhima Koregaon case?. The Indian Express. 10 October 2020 [12 October 2020] （英语）. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 In Solidarity with Fr. Stan Swamy, a 83 year old Jesuit arrested in India. Jesuits Global. Jesuits. [12 October 2020]. 
  12. ^ Murphy, Gavin T. Fr Stan Swamy SJ – 'A caged bird can still sing'. 26 January 2021. 
  13. ^ Father Stan Swamy pens letter on plight of other undertrials. www.telegraphindia.com. 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 Elgar Parishad case: 'Humanity is bubbling in Taloja prison'. Mumbai Mirror. 15 November 2020 [15 November 2020]. 
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 Borges, Jane. 'He's a torchbearer of the Constitution' say father Stan Swamy's peers. Mid-Day. [1 November 2020]. 
  16. ^ Shantha, Sukanya. NIA Arrests 83-Year-Old Tribal Rights Activist Stan Swamy in Elgar Parishad Case. The Wire. [11 October 2020]. 
  17. ^ Christians seek Indian leaders' help for bail for jailed priest. Vatican News. 18 November 2020 [27 November 2020]. 
  18. ^ Maharashtra CM Uddhav Thackeray set to withdraw Bhima-Koregaon cases against activists. [29 August 2020]. 
  19. ^ NIA took over the case from State government. [29 August 2020]. 
  20. ^ Fr Stan Swamy, priest arrested in Ranchi: 'False and fabricated' charges against me. Asia News. 9 June 2018 [11 October 2020]. 
  21. ^ Barik, Satyasundar. 'Stan Swamy's arrest a violation of human rights', say civil rights activists. The Hindu. 10 October 2020 [12 October 2020]. 
  22. ^ ENS. Various Kerala church sects demand Father Stan Swamy's release. New Indian Express. 11 October 2020 [12 October 2020]. 
  23. ^ Asian bishops' solidarity with jailed Indian Jesuit. Vatican News. 26 October 2020 [29 November 2020]. 
  24. ^ Jesuits Demand Immediate Release of Fr. Stan Swamy, SJ. jesuits.org. The Jesuits. [23 October 2020]. 
  25. ^ Catholic union calls for Father Stan Swamy's release. Deccan Herald. 10 October 2020 [11 October 2020]. 
  26. ^ PUCL Condemns the Detention and Arrest of Fr. Stan Swamy in Bhima Koregaon Case. Counter Currents. People's Union For Civil Liberties. 8 October 2020. 
  27. ^ CBCI seeks release of Stan Swamy. The Indian Express. 11 October 2020 [12 October 2020] （英语）. 
  28. ^ and Debmalya, Rajendran Narayanan. Father Stan Swamy, Children and the Unholy State. The Wire. 3 September 2018 [12 October 2020]. 
  29. ^ Raj S.J., Fr. J. Felix. Stan Swamy's arrest 'politically motivated'. Telegraph India. 12 October 2020 [12 October 2020]. 
  30. ^ Mazumdar, Jhinuk. Other brothers behind Stan Swamy. Telegraph India. 18 October 2020. 
  31. ^ Dasgupta, Sravasti. MPs Tharoor, Sule, Kanizmozhi join 8 others to seek UAPA repeal, release of Stan Swamy. The Print. 21 October 2020 [21 October 2020]. 
  32. ^ "Time To Break The Silence": Opposition Leaders Condemn Stan Swamy's Arrest. Press Trust of India. 21 October 2020 [21 October 2020]. 
  33. ^ ENS. Jharkhand CM, Congress back Stan Swamy, question his arrest. New Indian Express. 10 October 2020 [12 October 2020]. 
  34. ^ 'Father Stan Swamy should get justice': Kerala CM Pinarayi Vijayan on activist's arrest. The News Minute. 12 October 2020 [12 October 2020]. 
  35. ^ Tribal Rights Activist Fr Stan Swamy's Arrest Unfortunate:CM. News18. 12 October 2020 [12 October 2020]. 
  36. ^ Tribal Rights Activist Stan Swamy's Arrest Unfortunate: Pinarayi Vijayan. NDTV. 12 October 2020 [13 October 2020]. 
  37. ^ Court rejects bail plea of Stan Swamy. The Hindu. 23 October 2020 [24 October 2020]. 
  38. ^ Joshi, Neha. [Bhima Koregaon] Not likely to jump bail, arrest malafide: Father Stan Swamy moves Special NIA Court for bail. Bar And Bench. 27 November 2020 [27 November 2020]. 
  39. ^ Hakim, Sharmeen. BREAKING : NIA Court Refuses Bail To Stan Swamy In Bhima Koregaon Case. Livelaw. [22 March 2021]. 
  40. ^ 40.0 40.1 Saigal, Sonam. Stan Swamy files plea to allow use of straw, sipper in Taloja jail. The Hindu. 6 November 2020 [16 November 2020]. 
  41. ^ 41.0 41.1 Roy, Divyanshu Dutta. Not Till December. Stan Swamy's Wait For A Straw And Sipper Extended. NDTV. 26 November 2020 [26 November 2020]. 
  42. ^ NIA says it didn't seize Stan Swamy's straw and sipper. The Hindu. 29 November 2020 [5 July 2021]. ISSN 0971-751X. 
  43. ^ Why people are posting orders of straws and sippers for arrested tribal activist Stan Swamy. The Indian Express. 28 November 2020 [5 July 2021] （英语）. 
  44. ^ Ganapatye, Shruti. Stan Swamy gets a sipper, finally. Mumbai Mirror. 29 November 2020 [29 November 2020]. 
  45. ^ Hakim, Sharmeen. 'Ayurvedic Doctor At Prison Prescribed Allopathic Antipsychotic Drug' :Stan Swamy Tells Bombay High Court. www.livelaw.in. 19 May 2021. 
  46. ^ 'Shift jailed Stan Swamy to hospital': Jharkhand rights group to Maharashtra govt. The New Indian Express. 
  47. ^ Elgaar Parishad case: Bombay HC directs Stan Swamy's health check-up at J J Hospital. 19 May 2021. 
  48. ^ Saigal, Sonam. Send Stan Swamy to hospital for check-up on Thursday: Bombay High Court. The Hindu. 19 May 2021 –通过www.thehindu.com. 
  49. ^ Hakim, Sharmeen. 'I Would Rather Suffer, Possibly Die Very Shortly If This Were To Go On' : Stan Swamy Pleads For Interim Bail In Bombay HC. www.livelaw.in. 21 May 2021. 
  50. ^ Bombay HC directs prison authorities to shift SwamySwamy to Holy Family Hospital. 29 May 2021. 
  51. ^ Saigal, Sonam. Fr. Stan Swamy tests positive for COVID-19. The Hindu. 30 May 2021 –通过www.thehindu.com. 
  52. ^ Elgaar Parishad case: Stan Swamy put on ventilator support as health deteriorates. 4 July 2021. 
  53. ^ Fr. Stan Swamy passes away. The Hindu. Special Correspondent. 5 July 2021 [5 July 2021]. ISSN 0971-751X （印度英语）. 
  54. ^ Elgar Parishad Case: Activist Stan Swamy, 84, Passes Away Ahead of Hearing on Bail Plea. News18. 5 July 2021 [5 July 2021]. 
  55. ^ Tribal activist Stan Swamy dies at 84. Scroll.in. 5 July 2021 [5 July 2021]. 
  56. ^ Award for Fr. Stan Swamy. The Hindu. 25 January 2021 –通过www.thehindu.com. 

外部链接

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