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联邦州（通常简称为州，省，行政区，地方等）是一个联邦国家的领土和宪法的组成部分。这些州与主权国家有所不同，他们的主权权力部分已经转移到联邦政府[1]。一个联邦州保持在规定的地域行使行政管辖权，是一种区域政府的形式。
在某些情况下，联邦是两个或两个以上的政治实体联合创建的。政治实体是独立的政治实体，或是境外领土（最常见的是殖民政权）[2]。在其他情况下，联邦是两个或两个以上的单一制国家组成。[3]。一旦形成一个联邦，联邦和联邦州之间的关系的规则成为联邦的宪法，不是国际法律的一部分。
在有联邦宪法的国家中，中央政府和州政府事权有一个划分。这些州，省等等自治实体 - 是部分自治，并得到一定程度的宪法保障的自主权，但是事权的划分每一个一个联邦不同 [4]。从理论上讲，一个联邦州的立法权力不应该被联邦政府否决，虽然这并非总是如此。但是，联邦和地区自治实体之间的事权的划分，是可以通过修改联邦宪法和州宪法来修改的。
List of constituents by federation
[编辑]The "federated units" in the table below have inherent governmental authority in the federation's constitutional system, while the "other units" are delegated authority by the federal government or are administered directly by it.
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- Notes
- ^ The Flemish Region and Walloon Region are subdivided into five provinces each, which are mandated by the Constitution of Belgium. Provincial governance are the responsibility of the regional governments.
- ^ The communities and regions are separate government institutions with different areas of responsibility. The communities are organized based on linguistic boundaries, which are different from regional boundaries.
- ^ The federal city has a level of self-ruling equal to the other main federal units.
- ^ The 1988 Brazilian Constitution treats the municipalities as parts of the Federation and not simply dependent subdivisions of the states.
- ^ Saint Kitts is governed directly by the federal government.
- ^ Adopted constitution accommodates existing regional governments, with the ultimate number and boundaries of the Federal Member States to be determined by the House of the People of the Federal Parliament.
注释
[编辑]- ^ Constitution of the United States of America: Tenth Amendment, Reserved Powers
- ^ 例子澳大利亚和美国
- ^ 1993年在比利时发生这种情况。比利时地区此前已经下放权力
- ^ 例如，加拿大各省与瑞士各州比大多数非西方联邦拥有大量的权力，享受更多的保护，防止中央政府的干扰与。
- ^ Daniel, Kate; Special Broadcasting Service Corporation. SBS World Guide: The Complete Fact File on Every Country, 16th ed.. Prahran, Victoria, Australia: Hardie Grant Books. 2008: 827. ISBN 978-1-74066-648-0. p26.
- ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p38
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 Autonomous region. See more at List of autonomous areas by country
- ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p46
- ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p74
- ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p101
- ^ Article 18
- ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p132
- ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p239
- ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p275
- ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p328
- ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p346
- ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p460
- ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p481
- ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p486
- ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p537
- ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p549
- ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p600
- ^ Federal structure of Russia, Article 65 of Russian Constitution.
- ^ The Federal Republic of Somalia - Harmonized Draft Constitution (PDF). Federal Republic of Somalia. [2 August 2012].
- ^ Guidebook to the Somali Draft Provisional Constitution. [2 August 2012].
- ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p687
- ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p700
- ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p760
- ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p774
- ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p798