亚洲暴龙属

亚洲暴龙属; 化石时期：晚白垩世（马斯特里赫特阶），; ~66.7 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ▼
	亚洲暴龙化石材料骨骼示意图
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目：	恐龙总目 Dinosauria
目：	蜥臀目 Saurischia
亚目：	兽脚亚目 Theropoda
科：	†暴龙科 Tyrannosauridae
亚科：	†暴龙亚科 Tyrannosaurinae
属：	†亚洲暴龙属 Asiatyrannus; Zheng et al., 2024
模式种
	†徐氏亚洲暴龙; Asiatyrannus xui; Zheng et al., 2024

亚洲暴龙（学名：Asiatyrannus，意为“亚洲暴君”）是暴龙亚科兽脚类恐龙已灭绝的一个属，来自中国晚白垩世南雄组（英语：Nanxiong Formation）。属下包括单一物种徐氏亚洲暴龙（A. xui），所知于由颅骨及部分颅后骨骼组成的单件标本。亚洲暴龙的显著之处在于吻部宽阔的颅骨及较小的体型，与同时期有着纤细吻部及更大体型的虔州龙形成对比。它代表了亚洲暴龙科最南端的记录。^[2]

发现与命名

亚洲暴龙正模标本 ZMNH M30360发现于中国江西省赣州市南康区沙河县附近的南雄组（英语：Nanxiong Formation）沉积物中。标本由关节连接的颅骨的大部分以及包括大部分左右腿及几节尾椎在内的颅后骨骼脱节部分组成。^[2]

2024年，郑文杰等人根据此化石遗骸描述了暴龙科新属新种徐氏亚洲暴龙（Asiatyrannus xui）。属名组合发现地所在的亚洲大陆及拉丁语后缀“-tyrannus”（意为“暴君”或“国王”）。种名致敬杰出的恐龙研究者徐星及其对中国古生物学研究的贡献。^[2]

描述

亚洲暴龙是种中小型暴龙类。其近乎完整的颅骨长度测为47.5厘米（18.7英寸），体长则估计为3.5—4米（11—13英尺）。相比之下，来自北美王子溪组的近亲白熊龙的成年颅骨估计为60—70厘米（24—28英寸）长。^[3]由于白熊龙体型貌似与阿尔伯塔龙相仿，故亚洲暴龙可能代表唯一一类拥有这种更小体型的暴龙亚科。^[4]亚洲暴龙正模标本长度约为同时期虔州龙的一半。然而，该标本可能并非属于一具骨骼成熟的个体，因此其发育完全后可能长到更大。不过亚洲暴龙可能已度过生长速度最快的生命阶段，而其它处于类似生长阶段的暴龙亚科的体型则是其两倍多。^[2]

分类

使用卡尔等人（2017年）系统发育数据集的修改版本，^[5]郑文杰等人将亚洲暴龙恢复为暴龙科中暴龙亚科的衍生成员，且与北美白熊龙共同处于多分支（英语：polytomy）中。结果如以下分支图所示：^[2]

暴龙科 Tyrannosauridae

	阿尔伯塔龙 Albertosaurus

	蛇发女怪龙 Gorgosaurus

暴龙亚科 Tyrannosaurinae

矮暴龙 Nanotyrannus

分支龙族（英语：Alioramini） Alioramini

	分支龙各物种 Alioramus spp.

	虔州龙 Qianzhousaurus

血王龙 Lythronax

怪猎龙 Teratophoneus

亚洲暴龙 Asiatyrannus

白熊龙 Nanuqsaurus

惧龙各物种 Daspletosaurus spp.

诸城暴龙 Zhuchengtyrannus

	特暴龙 Tarbosaurus

	暴龙 Tyrannosaurus

古生态学

亚洲暴龙发现于南雄组（英语：Nanxiong Formation），时间可追溯至晚白垩世马斯特里赫特阶末期。该地层的各层位中已有许多其它恐龙被描述，包括同为暴龙科的虔州龙。^[2]大型牙齿表明该生态系统中存在大型未命名暴龙科。^[6]其它兽脚类包括镰刀龙科（南雄龙）^[7]及多种偷蛋龙科（斑嵴龙、冠盗龙、赣州龙、华南龙、江西龙、南康龙和通天龙）。^[8]^[9]多孔椎龙类蜥脚下目的赣南龙及江西巨龙亦来自该地层。^[10]该组的非恐龙动物群包括鳄目（江西鳄（英语：Jiangxisuchus））、^[11]蜥蜴（江西蜥（英语：Chianghsia）和天宇蜥（英语：Tianyusaurus））^[12]及龟鳖目（江西龟（英语：Jiangxichelys））。^[13]

蒙古耐梅盖特组拥有相似的动物群，包括大型暴龙亚科特暴龙、分支龙族（英语：Alioramini）分支龙的两个种及等较小型暴龙超科如小掠龙。^[14]

参见

暴龙类研究历史（英语：Timeline of tyrannosaur research）
南雄组（英语：Nanxiong Formation）
2024年主龙类古生物学研究（英语：2024 in archosaur paleontology）

参考资料

^ Buck, B. J.; Hanson, A. D.; Hengst, R. A.; Shu-sheng, H. "Tertiary Dinosaurs" in the Nanxiong Basin, Southern China, Are Reworked from the Cretaceous. The Journal of Geology. 2004, 112 (1): 111–118. Bibcode:2004JG....112..111B. S2CID 12866840. doi:10.1086/379695.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Zheng, Wenjie; Jin, Xingsheng; Xie, Junfang; Du, Tianming. The first deep-snouted tyrannosaur from Upper Cretaceous Ganzhou City of southeastern China. Scientific Reports. 2024-07-25, 14 (1). ISSN 2045-2322. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-66278-5 （英语）.
^ Fiorillo, A. R.; Tykoski, R. S. Dodson, Peter , 编. A Diminutive New Tyrannosaur from the Top of the World. PLoS ONE. 2014, 9 (3): e91287. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...991287F. PMC 3951350 . PMID 24621577. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091287 .
^ Druckenmiller, Patrick S.; Erickson, Gregory M.; Brinkman, Donald; Brown, Caleb M.; Eberle, Jaelyn J. Nesting at extreme polar latitudes by non-avian dinosaurs. Current Biology. 2021-06-24, 31 (16): 3469–3478.e5. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 34171301. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.041  （English）. We note that other Prince Creek Formation tyrannosaurid material in the UAMES collection do not support the assertion that Nanuqsaurus is a diminutive, small-bodied tyrannosaur. Rather, adult-sized teeth and isolated postcranial elements suggest an adult body size more closely comparable to other North American tyrannosaurid taxa, such as Albertosaurus sarcophagus.
^ Carr, Thomas D.; Varricchio, David J.; Sedlmayr, Jayc C.; Roberts, Eric M.; Moore, Jason R. A new tyrannosaur with evidence for anagenesis and crocodile-like facial sensory system. Scientific Reports. 2017, 7: 44942. Bibcode:2017NatSR...744942C. PMC 5372470 . PMID 28358353. doi:10.1038/srep44942.
^ Mo, J.-Y.; Xu, X. Large theropod teeth from the Upper Cretaceous of Jiangxi, southern China (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 2015, 53 (1): 63−72.
^ Dong, Z. Cretaceous dinosaur fossils in southern China [Cretaceous dinosaurs of the Huanan (south China)]. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology; Nanjing Institute of Paleontology (编). Mesozoic and Cenozoic Redbeds in Southern China (PDF). Beijing: Science Press. 1979: 342−350 （Chinese）.
^ Lü, J.; Chen, R.; Brusatte, S.L.; Zhu, Y.; Shen, C. A Late Cretaceous diversification of Asian oviraptorid dinosaurs: evidence from a new species preserved in an unusual posture. Scientific Reports. 2016, 6: 35780. PMC 5103654 . PMID 27831542. doi:10.1038/srep35780.
^ Lü, J.; Li, G.; Kundrát, M.; Lee, Y.-N.; Sun, Z.; Kobayashi, Y.; Shen, C.; Teng, F.; Liu, H. High diversity of the Ganzhou Oviraptorid Fauna increased by a new cassowary-like crested species. Scientific Reports. 2017, 7 (6393): 6393. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.6393L. PMC 5532250 . PMID 28751667. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05016-6 .
^ Mo, Jin-You; Fu, Qiong-Yao; Yu, Yi-Lun; Xu, Xing. A New Titanosaurian Sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous of Jiangxi Province, Southern China. Historical Biology. 2023-09-21: 1–15. ISSN 0891-2963. doi:10.1080/08912963.2023.2259413  （英语）.
^ Li, C.; Wu, X. C.; Rufolo, S. J. A new crocodyloid (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from the upper cretaceous of China. Cretaceous Research. 2019, 94: 25–39. S2CID 133661294. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.09.015.
^ Mo, J. Y.; Xu, X.; Evans, S. E. A large predatory lizard (Platynota, Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous of South China. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 2012, 10 (2): 333. Bibcode:2012JSPal..10..333M. S2CID 85682211. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.588254.
^ Tong, Haiyan; Mo, Jinyou. Jiangxichelys, a new nanhsiungchelyid turtle from the Late Cretaceous of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China. Geological Magazine. 2010, 147 (6): 981–986 [14 January 2011]. Bibcode:2010GeoM..147..981T. S2CID 131484464. doi:10.1017/S0016756810000671. （原始内容存档于11 July 2011）.
^ Słowiak, Justyna; Brusatte, Stephen L; Szczygielski, Tomasz. Reassessment of the enigmatic Late Cretaceous theropod dinosaur, Bagaraatan ostromi. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2024-02-16. ISSN 0024-4082. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad169 （英语）.

[NanxiongAges-1] Buck, B. J.; Hanson, A. D.; Hengst, R. A.; Shu-sheng, H. "Tertiary Dinosaurs" in the Nanxiong Basin, Southern China, Are Reworked from the Cretaceous. The Journal of Geology. 2004, 112 (1): 111–118. Bibcode:2004JG....112..111B. S2CID 12866840. doi:10.1086/379695.

[Asiatyrannus-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Zheng, Wenjie; Jin, Xingsheng; Xie, Junfang; Du, Tianming. The first deep-snouted tyrannosaur from Upper Cretaceous Ganzhou City of southeastern China. Scientific Reports. 2024-07-25, 14 (1). ISSN 2045-2322. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-66278-5 （英语）.

[Nanuqsaurus14-3] Fiorillo, A. R.; Tykoski, R. S. Dodson, Peter , 编. A Diminutive New Tyrannosaur from the Top of the World. PLoS ONE. 2014, 9 (3): e91287. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...991287F. PMC 3951350 . PMID 24621577. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091287 .

[Druckenmiller2021-4] Druckenmiller, Patrick S.; Erickson, Gregory M.; Brinkman, Donald; Brown, Caleb M.; Eberle, Jaelyn J. Nesting at extreme polar latitudes by non-avian dinosaurs. Current Biology. 2021-06-24, 31 (16): 3469–3478.e5. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 34171301. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.041  （English）. We note that other Prince Creek Formation tyrannosaurid material in the UAMES collection do not support the assertion that Nanuqsaurus is a diminutive, small-bodied tyrannosaur. Rather, adult-sized teeth and isolated postcranial elements suggest an adult body size more closely comparable to other North American tyrannosaurid taxa, such as Albertosaurus sarcophagus.

[D.horneri-5] Carr, Thomas D.; Varricchio, David J.; Sedlmayr, Jayc C.; Roberts, Eric M.; Moore, Jason R. A new tyrannosaur with evidence for anagenesis and crocodile-like facial sensory system. Scientific Reports. 2017, 7: 44942. Bibcode:2017NatSR...744942C. PMC 5372470 . PMID 28358353. doi:10.1038/srep44942.

[Mo2015-6] Mo, J.-Y.; Xu, X. Large theropod teeth from the Upper Cretaceous of Jiangxi, southern China (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 2015, 53 (1): 63−72.

[Dong1979-7] Dong, Z. Cretaceous dinosaur fossils in southern China [Cretaceous dinosaurs of the Huanan (south China)]. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology; Nanjing Institute of Paleontology (编). Mesozoic and Cenozoic Redbeds in Southern China (PDF). Beijing: Science Press. 1979: 342−350 （Chinese）.

[Tongtianlong-8] Lü, J.; Chen, R.; Brusatte, S.L.; Zhu, Y.; Shen, C. A Late Cretaceous diversification of Asian oviraptorid dinosaurs: evidence from a new species preserved in an unusual posture. Scientific Reports. 2016, 6: 35780. PMC 5103654 . PMID 27831542. doi:10.1038/srep35780.

[Corythoraptor-9] Lü, J.; Li, G.; Kundrát, M.; Lee, Y.-N.; Sun, Z.; Kobayashi, Y.; Shen, C.; Teng, F.; Liu, H. High diversity of the Ganzhou Oviraptorid Fauna increased by a new cassowary-like crested species. Scientific Reports. 2017, 7 (6393): 6393. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.6393L. PMC 5532250 . PMID 28751667. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05016-6 .

[Jiangxititan-10] Mo, Jin-You; Fu, Qiong-Yao; Yu, Yi-Lun; Xu, Xing. A New Titanosaurian Sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous of Jiangxi Province, Southern China. Historical Biology. 2023-09-21: 1–15. ISSN 0891-2963. doi:10.1080/08912963.2023.2259413  （英语）.

[Jiangxisuchus-11] Li, C.; Wu, X. C.; Rufolo, S. J. A new crocodyloid (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from the upper cretaceous of China. Cretaceous Research. 2019, 94: 25–39. S2CID 133661294. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.09.015.

[Chianghsia-12] Mo, J. Y.; Xu, X.; Evans, S. E. A large predatory lizard (Platynota, Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous of South China. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 2012, 10 (2): 333. Bibcode:2012JSPal..10..333M. S2CID 85682211. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.588254.

[Jiangxichelys-13] Tong, Haiyan; Mo, Jinyou. Jiangxichelys, a new nanhsiungchelyid turtle from the Late Cretaceous of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China. Geological Magazine. 2010, 147 (6): 981–986 [14 January 2011]. Bibcode:2010GeoM..147..981T. S2CID 131484464. doi:10.1017/S0016756810000671. （原始内容存档于11 July 2011）.

[Bagaraatan24-14] Słowiak, Justyna; Brusatte, Stephen L; Szczygielski, Tomasz. Reassessment of the enigmatic Late Cretaceous theropod dinosaur, Bagaraatan ostromi. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2024-02-16. ISSN 0024-4082. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad169 （英语）.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]