冷冻保护剂

冷冻保护剂（英语：cryoprotectant），是一种用于保护生物组织免于因冷冻而受损害（即由于冰晶形成的损害）的物质。极地的昆虫、鱼和两栖动物也能自行创造冷冻保护剂（如防冻液化合物和防冻液蛋白质等），来减少冬季冰冻下对它们身体的损害。冷冻保护剂也用在保存生命体及食物。^[1]^[2]^[3]

机制

冷冻保护剂通过在细胞中增加溶质的浓度。然而，要令此在生命体中可行，它们必须容易渗透，并且对细胞而言不含毒性。^[1]许多冷冻保护剂在取代水分子时还通过与生物分子形成氢键发挥作用。由于形成更强的氢键，用重水代替普通水可以增强冷冻保护剂的效果。

参考

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Fahy GM; Wowk B; Pagotan R; Chang A; et al. Physical and biological aspects of renal vitrification. Organogenesis. 2009, 5 (3): 167–175. PMC 2781097 . PMID 20046680. doi:10.4161/org.5.3.9974.
^ J.E. Strassmann; R.E. Lee Jr.; R.R. Rojas & J.G Baust. Caste and sex differencesin cold-hardiness in the social wasps, Polistes annularis and P. exclamans. Insectes Sociaux. 1984, 31 (3): 291–301. doi:10.1007/BF02223613.
^ Larson, D. J.; Middle, L.; Vu, H.; Zhang, W.; Serianni, A. S.; Duman, J.; Barnes, B. M. Wood frog adaptations to overwintering in Alaska: New limits to freezing tolerance. Journal of Experimental Biology. 15 April 2014, 217 (12): 2193–2200. PMID 24737762. doi:10.1242/jeb.101931 .

参见

[KidVit-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Fahy GM; Wowk B; Pagotan R; Chang A; et al. Physical and biological aspects of renal vitrification. Organogenesis. 2009, 5 (3): 167–175. PMC 2781097 . PMID 20046680. doi:10.4161/org.5.3.9974.

[Caste_and_Sex-2] J.E. Strassmann; R.E. Lee Jr.; R.R. Rojas & J.G Baust. Caste and sex differencesin cold-hardiness in the social wasps, Polistes annularis and P. exclamans. Insectes Sociaux. 1984, 31 (3): 291–301. doi:10.1007/BF02223613.

[3] Larson, D. J.; Middle, L.; Vu, H.; Zhang, W.; Serianni, A. S.; Duman, J.; Barnes, B. M. Wood frog adaptations to overwintering in Alaska: New limits to freezing tolerance. Journal of Experimental Biology. 15 April 2014, 217 (12): 2193–2200. PMID 24737762. doi:10.1242/jeb.101931 .

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