身體基模

身体基模是一个應用於多個學科的概念，包括心理学、神经科学、哲学、运动医学和机器人学。神经学家亨利·海德爵士最初将其定义为身体的姿势模型，透過「將最終感覺到的身體位置或方位拉抬到意識中，並與過去的事件聯繫起來」该模型可以积极地组织和修改「傳入的感官脈衝所產生的印象」。^[1]身体基模是追踪肢体位置的姿势模型，在动作控制中起着重要的作用。它涉及中心（大脑过程）和周圍系统（感觉，本体感受）的各个層面。因此，身体基模可以被視為記錄过程的集合，记录一个人在空间中身体部位的姿势。基模隨著身体移动而更新，这过程通常是无意识的，主要用于组织空间動作。因此，它是身体空间屬性的實踐表徵，包括肢体长度、肢体片段、排列，片段在空間中的配置以及身体表面的形状。^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]在人类对工具的整合和使用上，身体基模也扮演著重要的角色。^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

身体基模也逐渐与身体图像產生明確的區別。

參見

参考文献

^ Head, H. Studies in Neurology. Vol 2.. London: Oxford University Press. 1920.
^ Haggard, P.; D. Wolpert. https://web.archive.org/web/20140628050016/http://books.google.com/books?id=JICqfxg97bEC&pg=PA261 |archive-url=缺少标题 (帮助). High-order motor disorders: from neuroanatomy and neurobiology to clinical neurology. Oxford University Press. 2005: 261–271 [2019-09-08]. ISBN 0-19-852576-1. （原始内容存档于2014-06-28）.
^ Holmes, N.; C. Spence. The body schema and the multisensory representation(s) of peripersonal space. Cognitive Processing. 2004, 5 (2): 94–105. PMC 1350799 . PMID 16467906. doi:10.1007/s10339-004-0013-3.
^ Macaluso, E. & A. Maravita. The representation of space near the body through touch and vision. Neuropsychologia. 2010, 48 (3): 782–795. PMID 19837101. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.10.010.
^ Maravita, A.; C. Spence; J. Driver. Multisensory integration and the body schema: close to hand and within reach. Current Biology. 2003, 13 (13): R531–R539. PMID 12842033. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00449-4.
^ Berti, A.; F. Frassinetti. When far becomes near: Remapping of space by tool use. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2000, 12 (3): 415–420. PMID 10931768. doi:10.1162/089892900562237.
^ Carlson, T.; et al. Rapid Assimilation of External Objects Into the Body Schema. Psychological Science. 2010, 21 (7): 1000–5. PMID 20483818. doi:10.1177/0956797610371962.
^ Johnson-Frey, S. The neural bases of complex tool use in humans. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2004, 8 (2): 71–78. PMID 15588811. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2003.12.002.
^ Maravita, A.; A. Iriki. Tools for the body (schema). Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2004, 8 (2): 79–86. PMID 15588812. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2003.12.008.

[Head2-1] Head, H. Studies in Neurology. Vol 2.. London: Oxford University Press. 1920.

[Haggard-2] Haggard, P.; D. Wolpert. https://web.archive.org/web/20140628050016/http://books.google.com/books?id=JICqfxg97bEC&pg=PA261 |archive-url=缺少标题 (帮助). High-order motor disorders: from neuroanatomy and neurobiology to clinical neurology. Oxford University Press. 2005: 261–271 [2019-09-08]. ISBN 0-19-852576-1. （原始内容存档于2014-06-28）.

[Holmes-3] Holmes, N.; C. Spence. The body schema and the multisensory representation(s) of peripersonal space. Cognitive Processing. 2004, 5 (2): 94–105. PMC 1350799 . PMID 16467906. doi:10.1007/s10339-004-0013-3.

[Macaluso-4] Macaluso, E. & A. Maravita. The representation of space near the body through touch and vision. Neuropsychologia. 2010, 48 (3): 782–795. PMID 19837101. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.10.010.

[Maravita-5] Maravita, A.; C. Spence; J. Driver. Multisensory integration and the body schema: close to hand and within reach. Current Biology. 2003, 13 (13): R531–R539. PMID 12842033. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00449-4.

[Berti-6] Berti, A.; F. Frassinetti. When far becomes near: Remapping of space by tool use. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2000, 12 (3): 415–420. PMID 10931768. doi:10.1162/089892900562237.

[Carlson-7] Carlson, T.; et al. Rapid Assimilation of External Objects Into the Body Schema. Psychological Science. 2010, 21 (7): 1000–5. PMID 20483818. doi:10.1177/0956797610371962.

[Johnson-8] Johnson-Frey, S. The neural bases of complex tool use in humans. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2004, 8 (2): 71–78. PMID 15588811. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2003.12.002.

[Maravita2-9] Maravita, A.; A. Iriki. Tools for the body (schema). Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2004, 8 (2): 79–86. PMID 15588812. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2003.12.008.

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