艾瑞達尼亞湖

埃里达尼亚湖（Eridania Lake）是一座理论上曾存在过的火星古湖泊，面积约110万平方公里。它位于马丁谷溢出河道的源头，并延伸至埃里达尼亚区和法厄同区^[1]。随着厄里达尼亚湖在诺亚纪晚期的逐渐干涸，它分裂成一系列较小的湖泊^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]。

显示了埃里达尼亚湖不同区域估测水深的地图，该地图大约有850公里（530英里）宽。
标注出的埃里达尼亚湖周围的特征。

后来的火星专用小型侦察影像频谱仪(CRISM)发现了厚度超过400米的厚厚沉积物层，所包含的矿物质有皂石（saponite）、滑石皂石（talc-saponite）、富铁云母（如海绿石-绿脱石）、铁和镁质蛇纹石、碳酸镁-铁-钙及硫化铁。硫化铁可能形成于被火山喷发加热的深水中，这种被归类为热液的过程可能是生命开始的地方^[6]。

来自埃里达尼亚湖底深水盆地的沉积物。地表上存在的桌山因受到深水/冰盖的保护而免受强烈侵蚀。火星专用小型侦察影像频谱仪的测量表明，矿物可能来自湖底热液矿床，生命有可能起源于这片湖泊。
图中显示了火山活动如何导致埃里达尼亚湖底矿物的堆积，氯化物通过蒸发沿湖岸线沉积。

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参考文献

^ Rossman, P. Irwin III; Ted A. Maxwell; Alan D. Howard; Robert A. Craddock; David W. Leverington. A Large Paleolake Basin at the Head of Ma'adim Vallis, Mars. Science. 21 June 2002, 296 (5576): 2209–2212. Bibcode:2002Sci...296.2209I. PMID 12077414. S2CID 23390665. doi:10.1126/science.1071143.
^ de Pablo, M. A.; Fairén, A. G.; Márquez, A. The Geology of Atlantis Basin, Mars, and Its Astrobiological Interest (PDF). 35th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 15–19 March 2004, League City, Texas. 3 March 2004: 1223 [2013-04-23]. Bibcode:2004LPI....35.1223D. abstract no.1223. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-02-17）.
^ Cabrol, N. and E. Grin (eds.). 2010. Lakes on Mars. Elsevier. NY.
^ Rossman, R.; et al. A large paleolake basin at the head of Ma'adim Vallis, Mars. Science. 2002, 296 (5576): 2209–2212. Bibcode:2002Sci...296.2209R. PMID 12077414. S2CID 23390665. doi:10.1126/science.1071143.
^ HiRISE | Chaos in Eridania Basin (ESP_037142_1430). [2021-09-26]. （原始内容存档于2017-09-16）.
^ Joseph R. Michalski, Eldar Z. Noe Dobrea, Paul B. Niles & Javier Cuadros. Ancient hydrothermal seafloor deposits in Eridania basin on Mars. Nature Communications. 10 July 2017, 8: 15978. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815978M. PMC 5508135 . PMID 28691699. doi:10.1038/ncomms15978.

外部链接

Lakes on Mars - Nathalie Cabrol (SETI Talks) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[1] Rossman, P. Irwin III; Ted A. Maxwell; Alan D. Howard; Robert A. Craddock; David W. Leverington. A Large Paleolake Basin at the Head of Ma'adim Vallis, Mars. Science. 21 June 2002, 296 (5576): 2209–2212. Bibcode:2002Sci...296.2209I. PMID 12077414. S2CID 23390665. doi:10.1126/science.1071143.

[2] Pablo, M. A.; Fairén, A. G.; Márquez, A. The Geology of Atlantis Basin, Mars, and Its Astrobiological Interest (PDF). 35th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 15–19 March 2004, League City, Texas. 3 March 2004: 1223 [2013-04-23]. Bibcode:2004LPI....35.1223D. abstract no.1223. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-02-17）.

[3] Cabrol, N. and E. Grin (eds.). 2010. Lakes on Mars. Elsevier. NY.

[4] Rossman, R.; et al. A large paleolake basin at the head of Ma'adim Vallis, Mars. Science. 2002, 296 (5576): 2209–2212. Bibcode:2002Sci...296.2209R. PMID 12077414. S2CID 23390665. doi:10.1126/science.1071143.

[5] HiRISE | Chaos in Eridania Basin (ESP_037142_1430). [2021-09-26]. （原始内容存档于2017-09-16）.

[6] Joseph R. Michalski, Eldar Z. Noe Dobrea, Paul B. Niles & Javier Cuadros. Ancient hydrothermal seafloor deposits in Eridania basin on Mars. Nature Communications. 10 July 2017, 8: 15978. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815978M. PMC 5508135 . PMID 28691699. doi:10.1038/ncomms15978.

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