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红河断裂带

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红河断裂带的地形图

红河断裂带是位于青藏高原东南缘的一条断裂带,被视为川滇块体的西边界[1]

地质背景

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新生代以来,随着印度板块持续向北楔入,青藏高原东南缘经历了显著的构造变形[2][3]。红河断裂带作为川滇块体的西部边界,不仅分隔印支块体华南块体[4],还因青藏高原物质向东侧挤出,成为区域内重要的深部构造带[5][6][7]。红河断裂带的地质构造及地壳变形具有由北向南的分段特征[8],其与峨眉山大火成岩省的岩石侵蚀程度相呼应[9]

地质构造特征

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建水县坡头乡南部深谷斜坡上眺望红河

红河断裂带是中国最长的走滑断裂带之一,全长约1,000公里,斜贯云南西部和南部,整体呈北窄南宽的形态[1]。断裂带从洱源延伸至越南北部湾,被分为北段、中段和南段(北段为洱源—弥渡,中段为弥渡—大斗门,南段为大斗门—河口[8]

中-晚二叠纪时期,红河断裂带可能为峨眉山大火成岩省的岩浆活动提供了通道[9];而在古近纪,断裂带经历了多次左旋走滑运动,随着青藏高原的东向挤出,吸收了大量地壳缩短量[10][11]。到了新近纪,红河断裂带从左旋走滑转变为右旋走滑运动[12]第四纪以来,断裂带以右旋走滑兼具伸展运动为特征,其中中段呈现显著的逆冲运动[6][13]

红河断裂带两侧地壳厚度存在明显差异,东侧地壳厚度可达约50公里,而西侧则仅为30公里左右[1]。红河断裂带北段的泊松比值较高,可能与地幔物质底侵有关[14][15];而南段的泊松比相对较低,表明以长英质为主的地壳成分更容易发生部分熔融[16]大地电磁资料显示,北段存在高电导率体,表明该区域的地壳结构可能受到上地幔影响[17][18][19]

地震活动

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红河断裂带属于中国南北地震带的南段,地震活动具有显著的分布不均匀性[1]。北段地震活动频繁,历史上发生过多次6级以上地震,其中包括2次7级以上大震;而中段几乎无震,南段的地震活动则集中在东侧的石屏—建水断裂上[20][21]

红河断裂带北段和中段北侧具有发生大地震的潜力[22],而南段则可能孕育长周期的大地震[23]

参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 李莹; 高原. 地震各向异性与地质构造揭示的红河断裂带分段性. SCIENTIA SINICA Terrae. 2024-08-01, 54 (8): 2458–2477. doi:10.1360/SSTe-2023-0239. 
  2. ^ Yin, An; Harrison, T. Mark. Geologic Evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan Orogen. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 2000-05, 28 (1): 211–280. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.28.1.211. 
  3. ^ Tapponnier, P.; Peltzer, G.; Le Dain, A. Y.; Armijo, R.; Cobbold, P. Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia: New insights from simple experiments with plasticine. Geology. 1982, 10 (12): 611. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1982)10<611:PETIAN>2.0.CO;2. 
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  5. ^ 许志琴, 王勤; XU Zhiqin, WANG Qin. 印度-亚洲碰撞:从挤压到走滑的构造转换. 地质学报. 2016-01-18, 90 (1): 1–23 [2024-09-14]. ISSN 0001-5717. (原始内容存档于2024-09-14) (cn). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 钟大赉, 张进江; Zhang Jinjiang, Zhong Dalai and Zhou Yong. 东南亚及哀牢山红河构造带构造演化的讨论. 地质论评: 337–344. [2024-09-14]. ISSN 0371-5736. (原始内容存档于2024-09-14) (cn). 
  7. ^ Molnar, P.; Tapponnier, P. Cenozoic Tectonics of Asia: Effects of a Continental Collision: Features of recent continental tectonics in Asia can be interpreted as results of the India-Eurasia collision. Science. 1975-08-08, 189 (4201): 419–426. doi:10.1126/science.189.4201.419. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 虢顺民. 红河活动断裂带. 海洋出版社. 2001. ISBN 978-7-5027-5300-9 (中文). 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Xu, Yi-Gang; He, Bin; Chung, Sun-Lin; Menzies, Martin A.; Frey, Frederick A. Geologic, geochemical, and geophysical consequences of plume involvement in the Emeishan flood-basalt province. Geology. 2004, 32 (10): 917. doi:10.1130/G20602.1. 
  10. ^ 哀牢山—红河构造带古新世以来多期活动的构造和年代学证据. 地质科学. Fri Apr 28 00:00:00 CST 2006, 41 (2): 291–310 [2024-09-14]. ISSN 0563-5020. (原始内容存档于2024-09-14) (中文). 
  11. ^ Leloup, P. H.; Arnaud, N.; Lacassin, R.; Kienast, J. R.; Harrison, T. M.; Trong, T. T. Phan; Replumaz, A.; Tapponnier, P. New constraints on the structure, thermochronology, and timing of the Ailao Shan‐Red River shear zone, SE Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2001-04-10, 106 (B4): 6683–6732. doi:10.1029/2000JB900322. 
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