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File:Geraldine Page by Roy Schatt circa 1950s.jpg

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這個檔案來自維基共享資源
維基百科，自由的百科全書

原始檔案 （2,902 × 3,611 像素，檔案大小：3.65 MB，MIME 類型：image/jpeg）

摘要

描述
English: Headshot of Geraldine Page by Roy Schatt
日期 約1950s
來源

Beinicke Rare Book & Manuscript Library Front of photo

Back of photo
作者 Schatt, Roy
授權許可
(重用此檔案)
English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote the subject or a work relating to the subject.
  • As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honathaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.):
    "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
  • Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes:
    "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
  • Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes:
    "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
  • Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[1], that:
    "[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."

Specific to source:
Per the Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library: "Except in a few special circumstances, listed here, the Beinecke does not hold the copyright to its materials and, hence, cannot grant or deny permission to use them. Accordingly, you are solely responsible for determining the copyright status of any materials you may wish to use, to investigate the owner of the copyright, and to obtain permission for your intended use. In all cases, you must cite the Beinecke as the source with the appropriate credit line provided below, and, if a particular material is copyrighted, you must cite all copyright information and comply with all other terms or restrictions that may be applicable to that material."

  • There are no copyright markings on the front or back of the photo, and by all available information, it is an uncopyrighted publicity headshot.

授權條款

Public domain
本作品在美國屬於公有領域，是因為該作品是在1929與1963年之間出版，沒有在該作品增加著作權聲明，且沒有進行著作權更新。除非此作品之作者已經過世一段時間，並達到公有領域所要求的條件，這類美國作品在其他不適用較短期限法則的國家或地區屬於有著作權狀態，如加拿大（作者過世後70年）、中國大陸（作者過世後50年，港澳除外）、德國（作者過世後70年）、墨西哥（作者過世後100年）、瑞士（作者過世後70年）與其他已簽署個別協議的國家。更多資訊請參考Commons:Hirtle chart。

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4dc1538dcae54ef7f167a14b8b4164c3d45dbd80

斷定方法：​SHA-1 中文 (已轉換拼寫)

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