User:Hung Ting/條目建立中-04

氣室型葉斑（英文：air-space type leaf variegation）是一種因為葉片中氣室反射光線而形成的葉斑，會使葉面出現白色或淺色的紋路，具有育種潛力，常見於粗肋草屬、秋海棠屬、報春苣苔屬植物。

形態與類別

氣室型葉斑是結構型葉斑的一種類別，依照紋路可分為魚骨形（Fishbone-shaped）、斑塊（Blotched）、V 字形（V-shaped）、點狀（Spotted）以及羽狀（Pinnate）五種類型^[2]。形成原因係由於葉片上表皮之下或葉綠組織間存在氣室。當光線穿透葉片並射入氣室時，因為細胞質與空氣之間存在著顯著的折射率差異，導致光線部分反射，從而在葉片表面形成微觀的白色光圈結構，在肉眼觀察下則顯現為白斑。^[3]。粗肋草屬^[4]、秋海棠屬^[5]、報春苣苔屬^[1]的物種中都有發現此類型的葉斑。

生理生態功能

白色葉斑或淺色的葉斑通常被認為具有多種生理生態功能，包括保護色、偽裝、擬態^[6]^[7]，或者是反射強烈光線以保護葉片光合作用系統^[3]。中興大學的研究團隊對野生水鴨腳秋海棠進行調查。發現帶有白斑的水鴨腳秋海棠比全綠色葉片的水鴨腳秋海棠更能避免被植食性動物啃食，而透過台灣負蝗模擬植食者取食行為的實驗也同樣支持了這一發現。證實白斑的葉面特徵可能有助於降低植食者對葉片的損害。^[8]

轉錄體分析

參考來源

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Chen, Jiancun; Li, Yueya; He, Dong; Bai, Meng; Li, Bo; Zhang, Qixiang; Luo, Le. Cytological, physiological and transcriptomic analysis of variegated Leaves in Primulina pungentisepala offspring. BMC Plant Biology. 2022, 22: 419. doi:10.1186/s12870-022-03808-1 （英语）.
^ Zhang, Jian-Hang; Zeng, Jin-Chu; Wang, Xiao-Mei; Chen, Shui-Fei; Albach, Dirk C.; Li, Hong-Qing. A revised classification of leaf variegation types. Flora. 2020, 272: 151703. doi:10.1016/j.flora.2020.151703 （英语）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Chiou-Rong Sheue; Shang-Horng Pao; Lee-Feng Chien; Peter Chesson; Ching-I Peng. Natural foliar variegation without costs? The case of Begonia. Annals of Botany. 2012, 109: 1065-1074. doi:10.1093/aob/mcs025 （英语）.
^ Fooshee, W.C.; Herry, R.J. Chlorophyll leaves and anatomy of variegated and nonvarigated areas of Aglaonema nitudum leaves. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society. 2022, 103: 170-172 （英语）.
^ Zhang, Yang; Hayashi, Takahiro; Hosokawa, Munetaka; Yazawa, Susumu; Li, Yuhua. Metallic lustre and the optical mechanism generated from the leaf surface of Begonia rex Putz.. Scientia Horticulturae. 2009, 121: 213-217. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2009.01.030 （英语）.
^ Smith, Alan P. Ecology of a leaf color polymorphism in a tropical forest species: habitat segregation and herbivory. Oecologia. 1986, 69: 283-287. doi:10.1007/BF00377635 （英语）.
^ Simcha Lev-Yadun. Müllerian and Batesian mimicry rings of whitevariegated aposematic spiny and thorny plants: A hypothesis. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences. 2009, 57: 107-116. doi:10.1560/IJPS.57.1-2.107 （英语）.
^ 林宜憲. 具白斑與否之水鴨腳秋海棠葉特徵、生殖特性與被取食的比較探討 (碩士论文). 國立中興大學生命科學系所. 2018 （中文（臺灣））.

[:Chen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Chen, Jiancun; Li, Yueya; He, Dong; Bai, Meng; Li, Bo; Zhang, Qixiang; Luo, Le. Cytological, physiological and transcriptomic analysis of variegated Leaves in Primulina pungentisepala offspring. BMC Plant Biology. 2022, 22: 419. doi:10.1186/s12870-022-03808-1 （英语）.

[:Zhangb-2] Zhang, Jian-Hang; Zeng, Jin-Chu; Wang, Xiao-Mei; Chen, Shui-Fei; Albach, Dirk C.; Li, Hong-Qing. A revised classification of leaf variegation types. Flora. 2020, 272: 151703. doi:10.1016/j.flora.2020.151703 （英语）.

[:Sheue-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Chiou-Rong Sheue; Shang-Horng Pao; Lee-Feng Chien; Peter Chesson; Ching-I Peng. Natural foliar variegation without costs? The case of Begonia. Annals of Botany. 2012, 109: 1065-1074. doi:10.1093/aob/mcs025 （英语）.

[:Fooshee-4] Fooshee, W.C.; Herry, R.J. Chlorophyll leaves and anatomy of variegated and nonvarigated areas of Aglaonema nitudum leaves. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society. 2022, 103: 170-172 （英语）.

[:Zhanga-5] Zhang, Yang; Hayashi, Takahiro; Hosokawa, Munetaka; Yazawa, Susumu; Li, Yuhua. Metallic lustre and the optical mechanism generated from the leaf surface of Begonia rex Putz.. Scientia Horticulturae. 2009, 121: 213-217. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2009.01.030 （英语）.

[:Smith-6] Smith, Alan P. Ecology of a leaf color polymorphism in a tropical forest species: habitat segregation and herbivory. Oecologia. 1986, 69: 283-287. doi:10.1007/BF00377635 （英语）.

[:Lev-Yadun-7] Simcha Lev-Yadun. Müllerian and Batesian mimicry rings of whitevariegated aposematic spiny and thorny plants: A hypothesis. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences. 2009, 57: 107-116. doi:10.1560/IJPS.57.1-2.107 （英语）.

[:林-8] 林宜憲. 具白斑與否之水鴨腳秋海棠葉特徵、生殖特性與被取食的比較探討 (碩士论文). 國立中興大學生命科學系所. 2018 （中文（臺灣））.

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