子彈蟻

子彈蟻
	子彈蟻
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	昆虫纲 Insecta
目：	膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科：	蟻科 Formicidae
属：	近針蟻屬 Paraponera; Frederick Smith, 1858
种：	子彈蟻 P. clavata
二名法
	Paraponera clavata; (Johan Christian Fabricius, 1775)
異名
	Formica aculeata Olivier, 1792 ; Ponera tarsalis Perty, 1833 ;

子彈蟻（学名：Paraponera clavata）是一種螞蟻，只居住在中南美洲。

子彈蟻的體型可超過2.5公分，是世界上體形最大的螞蟻之一。由於被兇狠的針一下的話就會感受到好像被子彈打到的那種疼痛，被冠以子彈蟻這樣的稱呼。子彈蟻能掠食像小型蛙的獵物，即使只有一隻也可以捕食比自身大好幾倍的昆蟲。唯一的剋星是比較小的寄生蠅。牠也是世界上被咬到最痛的昆蟲。

巴西亞馬遜州的Mawé族原住民會將子彈蟻放入竹編手套，用於成年男性的成年禮中。只有扛过了被子弹蚁蛰伤的剧痛感，他们才会被冠以真男人的称号，并且被允许与女人结婚^[3]

描述

工蟻的體長約為 18—30 mm（0.7—1.2英寸）^[4]，外型類似帶有紅色光澤的黑色粗壯無翼黃蜂。子彈蟻為掠食者，和其他較原始的螞蟻一樣，牠們的工蟻不具有多態性，而蟻后的體型也沒有較工蟻大^[5]。子彈蟻並非侵略性強的物種，但是牠們會極力保衛牠們的蟻窩，透過鳴喘發音（英语：stridulation）發出警告並利用螫針攻擊入侵者^[6]。

婚飞

全年婚飞：

列表^[7]
X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
1月	2月	3月	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月	11月	12月

參考文獻

^ Latreille, P. A. 1802b. Histoire naturelle générale et particulière des Crustacés et des insectes. Tome 3. Familles naturelles des genres. Paris: F. Dufart, xii + 467 pp. (page 207, Senior synonym of aculeata, and material of the unavailable name spininoda referred here)
^ Smith, F. 1858b. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. London: British Museum, 216 pp. (page 101, male described; page 100, Combination in Paraponera, Senior synonym of tarsalis)
^ Backshall, Steve. Bitten by the Amazon. The Sunday Times (London). 6 January 2008 [21 May 2010]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-22）.
^ Brown, B. V.; Feener, D. H. Behavior and Host Location Cues of Apocephalus paraponerae (Diptera: Phoridae), a Parasitoid of the Giant Tropical Ant, Paraponera clavata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Biotropica. 1991, 23 (2): 182–187. JSTOR 2388304. doi:10.2307/2388304.
^ Morgan, Randy C. Giant Tropical Bullet Ant, Paraponera clavata, Natural History and Captive Management. Sonoran Arthropod Studies Institute. [June 10, 2014]. （原始内容存档于2009-03-23）.
^ Haddad, Vidal. Description of an injury in a human caused by a false tocandira (Dinoponera gigantea, Perty, 1833) with a revision on folkloric, pharmacological and clinical aspects of the giant ants of the genera Paraponera and Dinoponera (sub-family Ponerinae). SciELO. 2005, 47 (4) [2019-04-14]. ISSN 1678-9946. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.
^ Kannowski. P.B. 1991. Occurrence of alates of the neotropical ant, Paraponera clavata (Hymmoptera, Formicidae), at lights during the dry-wet seasons interface in Panama. J. Entomol. Sci. 26: 375-377.

外部連結

Brief article about Paraponera clavata （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Short article on the bullet ant and poneratoxin （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Giant tropical bullet ant, Paraponera clavata, natural history and captive management, article with images
YouTube video of initiation ritual （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Paraponera clavata （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） at AntWeb

[1] Latreille, P. A. 1802b. Histoire naturelle générale et particulière des Crustacés et des insectes. Tome 3. Familles naturelles des genres. Paris: F. Dufart, xii + 467 pp. (page 207, Senior synonym of aculeata, and material of the unavailable name spininoda referred here)

[2] Smith, F. 1858b. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. London: British Museum, 216 pp. (page 101, male described; page 100, Combination in Paraponera, Senior synonym of tarsalis)

[3] Backshall, Steve. Bitten by the Amazon. The Sunday Times (London). 6 January 2008 [21 May 2010]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-22）.

[brown-4] Brown, B. V.; Feener, D. H. Behavior and Host Location Cues of Apocephalus paraponerae (Diptera: Phoridae), a Parasitoid of the Giant Tropical Ant, Paraponera clavata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Biotropica. 1991, 23 (2): 182–187. JSTOR 2388304. doi:10.2307/2388304.

[5] Morgan, Randy C. Giant Tropical Bullet Ant, Paraponera clavata, Natural History and Captive Management. Sonoran Arthropod Studies Institute. [June 10, 2014]. （原始内容存档于2009-03-23）.

[SciELO-6] Haddad, Vidal. Description of an injury in a human caused by a false tocandira (Dinoponera gigantea, Perty, 1833) with a revision on folkloric, pharmacological and clinical aspects of the giant ants of the genera Paraponera and Dinoponera (sub-family Ponerinae). SciELO. 2005, 47 (4) [2019-04-14]. ISSN 1678-9946. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.

[Kannowski-7] Kannowski. P.B. 1991. Occurrence of alates of the neotropical ant, Paraponera clavata (Hymmoptera, Formicidae), at lights during the dry-wet seasons interface in Panama. J. Entomol. Sci. 26: 375-377.

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