森林眼鏡蛇

森林眼鏡蛇
保护状况
	; 无危（IUCN 3.1）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	爬行綱 Reptilia
目：	有鳞目 Squamata
亚目：	蛇亚目 Serpentes
科：	眼镜蛇科 Elapidae
属：	眼镜蛇属 Naja
种：	森林眼鏡蛇 N. melanoleuca
二名法
	Naja melanoleuca; Hallowell, 1857
異名
	列表 Naja haje var. melanoleuca ; Hallowell, 1857; Naja annulata ; Buchholz & Peters, 1876; Aspidelaps bocagii ; Sauvage, 1884; Naja haje var. leucosticta; Fischer, 1885; Naia melanoleuca ; Boulenger, 1896; Naja leucostica ; Bethencourt-Ferreira, 1930; Naja melanoleuca subfulva ; Laurent, 1955; Naja melanoleuca melanoleuca ; Capocaccia, 1961; Naja melanoleuca subfulva ; Broadley, 1962; Naja melanoleuca aurata ; Stucki-Stirn, 1979; Naja subfulva ; Chirio, 2006; Naja melanoleuca subfulva ; Chirio & Lebreton, 2007; Naja (Boulengerina) melanoleuca ; Wallach, 2009; ;

森林眼鏡蛇（學名：Naja melanoleuca），又名黑白眼鏡蛇^[4]，為一種分佈於非洲中西部的毒蛇，常見於低地森林及熱帶草原，但亦能適應更乾燥的生境及擅長游泳。^[5]其為眼鏡蛇屬中體型最大的成員，體長可達3.1米，也是非洲最大的眼鏡蛇。^[6]此蛇食性廣泛，獵物涵蓋昆蟲及各類體型適合的爬行與哺乳動物。^[4]這種眼鏡蛇機警、敏捷、危險性高^[5]^[7]，在受騷擾時會鼓起頸部並抬起前半身，作出攻擊的姿勢。由於不同因素，被森林眼鏡蛇咬傷的人不多，但一旦被咬則需盡快就醫，因其可危及生命。^[8]

參考來源

^ Jallow, M., Penner, J., Rödel, M.-O., Luiselli, L., Chippaux, J.-P., Gonwouo, N.L., Kusamba, C. & Zassi-Boulou, A.-G. 2021. Naja melanoleuca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T13265900A13265907. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T13265900A13265907.en. Downloaded on 12 August 2021.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Naja melanoleuca. Encyclopedia of Life. [2014-03-22]. （原始内容存档于2013-09-16）.
^ Naja melanoleuca. ITIS (整合分類學資訊系統). [07-01-2015]. （原始内容存档于2011-10-24）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Naja melanoleuca. Clinical Toxinology Resource. University of Adelaide（阿德雷得大學）. [2014-03-22]. （原始内容存档于2013-11-05）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 O'Shea, M. Venomous Snakes of the World. United Kingdom: New Holland Publishers. 2005: 71. ISBN 0-691-12436-1.
^ Burton, M. International Wildlife Encyclopedia. United States: Marshall Cavendish Corp; 3rd edition. 2002: 481–482. ISBN 0-7614-7270-3.
^ Haji, R. Venomous snakes and snake bite (PDF). Zoocheck Canada Inc.: 14. [2012-02-27]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-04-25）.
^ Immediate First Aid for bites by the Forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca). Toxicology. University of California, San Diego. [2014-03-22]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-12）. Clinical experience with Naja melanoleuca has been very sparse, and few recorded bites have been documented.

[1] Jallow, M., Penner, J., Rödel, M.-O., Luiselli, L., Chippaux, J.-P., Gonwouo, N.L., Kusamba, C. & Zassi-Boulou, A.-G. 2021. Naja melanoleuca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T13265900A13265907. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T13265900A13265907.en. Downloaded on 12 August 2021.

[database-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Naja melanoleuca. Encyclopedia of Life. [2014-03-22]. （原始内容存档于2013-09-16）.

[ITIS-3] Naja melanoleuca. ITIS (整合分類學資訊系統). [07-01-2015]. （原始内容存档于2011-10-24）.

[nm-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Naja melanoleuca. Clinical Toxinology Resource. University of Adelaide（阿德雷得大學）. [2014-03-22]. （原始内容存档于2013-11-05）.

[Oshea-5] 5.0 ^5.1 O'Shea, M. Venomous Snakes of the World. United Kingdom: New Holland Publishers. 2005: 71. ISBN 0-691-12436-1.

[Burton-6] Burton, M. International Wildlife Encyclopedia. United States: Marshall Cavendish Corp; 3rd edition. 2002: 481–482. ISBN 0-7614-7270-3.

[Snakes-7] Haji, R. Venomous snakes and snake bite (PDF). Zoocheck Canada Inc.: 14. [2012-02-27]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-04-25）.

[Davidson-8] Immediate First Aid for bites by the Forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca). Toxicology. University of California, San Diego. [2014-03-22]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-12）. Clinical experience with Naja melanoleuca has been very sparse, and few recorded bites have been documented.

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