冰片

冰片
冰片
	IUPAC名; endo-1,7,7-Trimethyl- bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol
识别
CAS号	507-70-0 ; 464-43-7（(+)） ; 464-45-9（(-)）
PubChem	6552009
ChemSpider	5026296
SMILES	CC1(C2(C)C)C(O)CC2CC1;
InChI	1/C10H18O/c1-9(2)7-4-5-10(9,3)8(11)6-7/h7-8,11H,4-6H2,1-3H3/t7-,8+,10+/m1/s1;
InChIKey	DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWBQ
ChEBI	15393
KEGG	C01411
IUPHAR配体	6413
性质
化学式	C10H18O
密度	1.011 g/cm3 @ 20oC
熔点	208°C
沸点	易升华
危险性
	欧盟危险性符号; 有害 Xn 易燃 F
警示术语	R：R33-R36/37/38
安全术语	S：S26-S37
MSDS	英文MSDS
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

冰片（分子式：C₁₀H₁₈O），又名片脑、桔片、龙脑香、梅花冰片、羯布罗香、梅花脑、冰片脑、梅冰、龍腦、瑞脑、腦子、天然冰片、老梅片、梅片等，是由2个异戊二烯结构单元组成的环状化合物，属于单萜衍生物^[1]。根据旋光性分为左旋龙脑和右旋龙脑^[2]。右旋龙脑主要来源于龙脑樟和阴香树^[3]，而左旋龙脑主要来源于菊科植物^[4]。

合成

生物合成

冰片的合成前体由细胞质中的甲羟戊酸途径和质体中的4-磷酸-2-甲基赤藓糖途径产生的异戊烯基焦磷酸和二甲基烯丙基焦磷酸合成^[5]。在香叶基焦磷酸合酶的催化作用下，这些合成物缩合生成香叶基焦磷酸^[6]，随后在二磷酸龙脑合酶的作用下环化成二磷酸龙脑，最终在碱性磷酸酶的作用下脱去磷酸基团生成龙脑^[2]。此外，龙脑在龙脑脱氢酶的催化作用下被氧化成樟脑^[7]。

人工合成

冰片极易被氧化成酮而生成樟脑，人工合成方法是通过Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley还原反应将樟脑还原成冰片。加入硼氢化钠可以加快反应速率，使反应成为不可逆反应，这是由于动力学控制反应产物为异冰片。

利用

冰片被认为具有抗菌、保护心脑血管、镇痛消炎、防止血栓、促进药物透过血脑屏障等多种作用^[8]。常应用于临床治疗，作为止痛剂、镇痛剂和麻醉剂^[9]。

毒性

冰片具有剂量毒性，大量使用会引起毒性反应。^[10]

參考資料

^ Wang, Hong; Ma, Dongming; Yang, Jinfen; Deng, Ke; Li, Meng; Ji, Xiaoyu; Zhong, Liting; Zhao, Haiying. An Integrative Volatile Terpenoid Profiling and Transcriptomics Analysis for Gene Mining and Functional Characterization of AvBPPS and AvPS Involved in the Monoterpenoid Biosynthesis in Amomum villosum. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2018-06-20, 9. doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.00846.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Chen, Changjie; Miao, Yuhuan; Luo, Dandan; Wang, Zixin; Guo, Lujuan; Zhao, Tingting; Liu, Dahui. Cloning and Functional Verification of the Borneol Dehydrogenase Encoding Gene AArBDH1 in Artemisia argyi. Chinese Bulletin of Botany. 2023-07-01, 58 (4): 560. doi:10.11983/CBB22123.
^ Xingxing, Liu; Xi, Zhang; Xiali, Guo; Shangji, Gong; Xiangmei, Jiang; Yuxin, Fu; Liping, Luo. Multivariate Analyses of Volatile Chemical Composition in Leaves of Different Cinnamomum camphora Chemotypes. Chinese Bulletin of Botany. 2014, 49 (2): 161. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1259.2014.00161.
^ Ho, Tsung-Jung; Hung, Chien-Che; Shih, Tzenge-Lien; Yiin, Lih-Ming; Chen, Hao-Ping. Investigation of borneols sold in Taiwan by chiral gas chromatography. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis. 2018-01, 26 (1): 348–352. doi:10.1016/j.jfda.2016.10.012.
^ 徐应文; 吕季娟; 吴卫; 郑有良. 植物单萜合酶研究进展. 生态学报. 2009, 29 (6): 3188–3197 [2024-03-10]. ISSN 1000-0933. CNKI STXB200906052. （原始内容存档于2024-03-10）.
^ 赵圆圆; 孙叶雯; 郑诗敏; 李萌; 马东明; 杨锦芬. 阳春砂龙脑基二磷酸合酶关键氨基酸位点筛选及突变体的构建. 中草药. 2022, 53 (2): 529–537 [2024-03-10]. doi:10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2022.02.023. CNKI ZCYO202202022. （原始内容存档于2024-03-10）.
^ Hurd, Matthew C.; Kwon, Moonhyuk; Ro, Dae-Kyun. Functional identification of a Lippia dulcis bornyl diphosphate synthase that contains a duplicated, inhibitory arginine-rich motif. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2017-08, 490 (3): 963–968. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.147.
^ Ma, Rui; Su, Ping; Guo, Juan; Jin, Baolong; Ma, Qing; Zhang, Haiyan; Chen, Lingli; Mao, Liuying; Tian, Mei; Lai, Changjiangsheng; Tang, Jinfu; Cui, Guanghong; Huang, Luqi. Bornyl Diphosphate Synthase From Cinnamomum burmanni and Its Application for (+)-Borneol Biosynthesis in Yeast. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2021-02-11, 9. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.631863.
^ Khine, Aye Aye; Lu, Pei-Chieh; Ko, Tzu-Ping; Huang, Kai-Fa; Chen, Hao-Ping. Cloning, expression, identification and characterization of borneol dehydrogenase isozymes in Pseudomonas sp. TCU-HL1. Protein Expression and Purification. 2020-11, 175: 105715. doi:10.1016/j.pep.2020.105715.
^ Material Safety Data Sheet, Fisher Scientific. [2022-10-01]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-04）.

外部連結

冰片中藥材圖像數據庫 (香港浸會大學中醫藥學院) （中文）（英文）
冰片 Bing Pian（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）中藥標本數據庫（香港浸會大學中醫藥學院）（繁體中文）（英文）
梅花冰片 Mei Hua Bing Pian（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）中藥標本數據庫（香港浸會大學中醫藥學院）（繁體中文）（英文）

[1] Wang, Hong; Ma, Dongming; Yang, Jinfen; Deng, Ke; Li, Meng; Ji, Xiaoyu; Zhong, Liting; Zhao, Haiying. An Integrative Volatile Terpenoid Profiling and Transcriptomics Analysis for Gene Mining and Functional Characterization of AvBPPS and AvPS Involved in the Monoterpenoid Biosynthesis in Amomum villosum. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2018-06-20, 9. doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.00846.

[CBB22123-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Chen, Changjie; Miao, Yuhuan; Luo, Dandan; Wang, Zixin; Guo, Lujuan; Zhao, Tingting; Liu, Dahui. Cloning and Functional Verification of the Borneol Dehydrogenase Encoding Gene AArBDH1 in Artemisia argyi. Chinese Bulletin of Botany. 2023-07-01, 58 (4): 560. doi:10.11983/CBB22123.

[3] Xingxing, Liu; Xi, Zhang; Xiali, Guo; Shangji, Gong; Xiangmei, Jiang; Yuxin, Fu; Liping, Luo. Multivariate Analyses of Volatile Chemical Composition in Leaves of Different Cinnamomum camphora Chemotypes. Chinese Bulletin of Botany. 2014, 49 (2): 161. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1259.2014.00161.

[4] Ho, Tsung-Jung; Hung, Chien-Che; Shih, Tzenge-Lien; Yiin, Lih-Ming; Chen, Hao-Ping. Investigation of borneols sold in Taiwan by chiral gas chromatography. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis. 2018-01, 26 (1): 348–352. doi:10.1016/j.jfda.2016.10.012.

[5] 徐应文; 吕季娟; 吴卫; 郑有良. 植物单萜合酶研究进展. 生态学报. 2009, 29 (6): 3188–3197 [2024-03-10]. ISSN 1000-0933. CNKI STXB200906052. （原始内容存档于2024-03-10）.

[6] 赵圆圆; 孙叶雯; 郑诗敏; 李萌; 马东明; 杨锦芬. 阳春砂龙脑基二磷酸合酶关键氨基酸位点筛选及突变体的构建. 中草药. 2022, 53 (2): 529–537 [2024-03-10]. doi:10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2022.02.023. CNKI ZCYO202202022. （原始内容存档于2024-03-10）.

[7] Hurd, Matthew C.; Kwon, Moonhyuk; Ro, Dae-Kyun. Functional identification of a Lippia dulcis bornyl diphosphate synthase that contains a duplicated, inhibitory arginine-rich motif. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2017-08, 490 (3): 963–968. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.147.

[8] Ma, Rui; Su, Ping; Guo, Juan; Jin, Baolong; Ma, Qing; Zhang, Haiyan; Chen, Lingli; Mao, Liuying; Tian, Mei; Lai, Changjiangsheng; Tang, Jinfu; Cui, Guanghong; Huang, Luqi. Bornyl Diphosphate Synthase From Cinnamomum burmanni and Its Application for (+)-Borneol Biosynthesis in Yeast. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2021-02-11, 9. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.631863.

[9] Khine, Aye Aye; Lu, Pei-Chieh; Ko, Tzu-Ping; Huang, Kai-Fa; Chen, Hao-Ping. Cloning, expression, identification and characterization of borneol dehydrogenase isozymes in Pseudomonas sp. TCU-HL1. Protein Expression and Purification. 2020-11, 175: 105715. doi:10.1016/j.pep.2020.105715.

[10] Material Safety Data Sheet, Fisher Scientific. [2022-10-01]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-04）.

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