拉脫維亞語正寫法
外观
(重定向自拉脱维亚文)
拉脫維亞語正寫法(Latvian orthography)是拉脫維亞語基於德語音位正寫法的正寫法系統;不過拉特加利亞方言(Latgalian)卻是使用波蘭語正寫法的原則編寫。當今的拉脫維亞語正寫法是由里加拉脫維亞協會知識委員會於1908年所發展出的,並於同年在卡爾利斯·米倫巴赫斯與亞尼斯·恩澤林斯的領導下由正寫法委員會批准。[1]拉脫維亞語正寫法的基礎是植基於拉丁文字,並於1920年至1922年在拉脫維亞共和國通過法律核准之下引入。在大多數情況下,拉脫維亞語正寫法是語音結構性的正寫法,也因此拉脫維亞語正寫法是遵循語言的語音架構之下進行之。
拉脫維亞語字母
[编辑]到目前拉脫維亞語標準字母有由33個字母。
大寫字形(亦稱爲大寫或大寫字母) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A | Ā | B | C | Č | D | E | Ē | F | G | Ģ | H | I | Ī | J | K | Ķ | L | Ļ | M | N | Ņ | O | P | R | S | Š | T | U | Ū | V | Z | Ž |
小寫字形(亦稱爲小寫或小寫字母) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a | ā | b | c | č | d | e | ē | f | g | ģ | h | i | ī | j | k | ķ | l | ļ | m | n | ņ | o | p | r | s | š | t | u | ū | v | z | ž |
字母名稱讀法 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a | garais ā | bē | cē | čē | dē | e | garais ē | ef | gā | ģē | hā | i | garais ī | jē | kā | ķē | el | eļ | em | en | eņ | o | pē | er | es | eš | tē | u | garais ū | vē | zē | žē |
語音對應表
[编辑]元音
[编辑]字形 | IPA | 英文近似語音及説明 |
---|---|---|
a | [ɑ] | like father, but shorter |
ā | [ɑː] | car |
e | [e] | elephant |
[æ] | map | |
ē | [eː] | similar to play |
[æː] | like bad, but longer | |
i | [i] | Between it and eat |
ī | [iː] | each |
o | [uɔ̯̯] | tour (some dialects) |
[o] | not (some dialects) | |
[oː] | though; boat | |
u | [u] | between look and Luke |
ū | [uː] | you |
輔音
[编辑]字形 | IPA | 英文近似語音及説明 |
---|---|---|
b | [b] | brother |
c | [t̪͡s̪] | like cats, with the tongue touching the teeth |
č | [t͡ʃ] | chair |
d | [d̪] | like door, with the tongue touching the teeth |
dz | [d̪͡z̪] | like lids, with the tongue touching the teeth |
dž | [d͡ʒ] | jog |
f | [f] | finger |
g | [ɡ] | gap |
ģ | [ɟ] | between duty (without yod-dropping) and argue |
h | [x] | loch (Scottish English) |
j | [j] | yawn |
k | [k] | cat |
ķ | [c] | similar to skew |
l | [l] | lamp |
ļ | [ʎ] | similar to William |
m | [m] | male |
n | [n̪], [ŋ] | like nail, with the tongue touching the teeth, or sing |
ņ | [ɲ] | jalapeño |
p | [p] | peace |
r | [r], [rʲ] | rolled r, like Spanish perro or Scottish English curd |
s | [s̪] | like sock, with the tongue touching the teeth |
š | [ʃ] | shadow |
t | [t̪] | like table, with the tongue touching the teeth |
v | [v] | vacuum |
z | [z̪] | like zebra, with the tongue touching the teeth |
ž | [ʒ] | vision |
舊正寫法
[编辑]舊式的拉脫維亞語拼寫法是植基於德語的拼寫法,但是不能完全表示拉脫維亞語的音位。
電腦編碼
[编辑]- ā, ē, ī, ū - aa, ee, ii, uu
- ļ, ņ, ģ, ķ - lj, nj, gj, kj
- š - sh (同於 ss, sj, 等等)
鍵盤配置
[编辑]註釋
[编辑]- ^ Vēsture. Latvian Language Agency. [18 March 2018]. (原始内容存档于2013-01-11) (拉脱维亚语).